<p>The Ha Chhu  is a river in west-central Bhutan, it is a tributary of the Raidak River .</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The Ha Chhu originates in a valley glacier on the south facing slope of the main Himalayas. The source area is located to the south of Chomo Lhari (Mountain of the Goddess). A number of smaller streams flowing from glaciers in hanging valleys join the main stream. The Ha Chhu then flows in a general direction, south south-east to join the Wong Chhu at Chukho.</p><br>
<h2>Ha valley</h2><br>
<p>Western Bhutan is basically made up of the valleys of Ha at 2,700 m, Paro at 2,200 m, and Thimphu at 2,300 m.</p><br>
<p>The upper valley of Ha Chhu is glaciated but in its lower and middle course it flows along a deep V-shaped valley. There are many rocky outcrops along this river.</p><br>
<p>The Ha valley is situated on Bhutan’s border with China, 61 km from Paro. One can climb to Chele La (mountain pass) at a height of 3,988 m, the highest point on Bhutans’ roads. The mountain pass offers views of surrounding peaks and the Paro and Ha valleys.</p><br>
<p>Bulk of the Ha Chhu catchment is under alpine, sub-alpine and temperate mixed coniferous forests.</p><br>
<h3>Ha village</h3><br>
<p>Ha is a large village that has come up along this river. Situated at a steep drop of the river, it has a fort. It has retained the traditional Bhutanese style of architecture.</p><br>
<h3>Lhakhang Karpo</h3><br>
<p>Lhakhang Karpo (temple of the white dove), located at Dumchoe, 3 km south of Ha village, is a monastery believed to have been built in the 8th century by the Tibetan King, Songtsen Goenpo, after he sent two doves (one black and one white) to find a sacred place to build a monastery. Lhakhang Karpo is the main seat of Ha’s guardian deity – Ap Chundu.</p><br>
<h3>Fish culture</h3><br>
<p>Traditionally salmonidae (Salmo trutta) and Dinnawah snowtrout (Schizothorax progastus) was found in the Ha Chhu. Brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) was first introduced in Bhutan in 1930. A hatchery was established at Ha immediately thereafter and another at Wangchutaba in 1975. The asla is held in high esteem by the Bhutanese and brown trout seems to be feeding on and suppressing indigenous cold-water fish such as the asla. In 1987, the FAO fact finding and project idea formulating mission for small-scale cold-water fisheries visited Bhutan. A subsequent visit by experts established that the Ha hatchery was more conducive to fish culture than that in the foothill ponds.</p><br>
<p>The Whitby Mansion is a historic mansion in Sidney, Ohio, United States. Built in 1890, The resulting mansion, designed by an unknown architect, features massive stone walls that are topped with a slate roof. Elements of the Jacobethan and Châteauesque styles are combined with the Tudor Revival style of architecture. By the mid-1970s, the mansion had ceased to be a house; it had been purchased by The Way International and converted into a historic archive and art museum. Today, the property is owned by GreatStone Castle Resorts, which operates it as a bed and breakfast.</p><br>
<p>In 1976, the Whitby Mansion was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its historically significant architecture. It was seen as historically significant primarily as a leading example of the architecture of the rich in late nineteenth-century America.</p><br>
<p>The Ord River floodplain is the floodplain of the lower Ord River in the Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley, in the Kimberley region of northern Western Australia. It lies within the Victoria Bonaparte IBRA bioregion and contains river, seasonal creek, tidal mudflat and floodplain wetlands, with extensive stands of mangroves, that support saltwater crocodiles and many waterbirds. It is recognised as an internationally important wetland area, with 1,384 km of it designated on 7 June 1990 as Ramsar Site 477 under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The site lies about 8 km east of the town of Wyndham, extending from 14&deg;51&prime;S latitude, 128&deg;12&prime;E longitude to 15&deg;46&prime;S latitude, 128&deg;33&prime;E longitude. It comprises the Ord River and Parry Lagoons nature reserves, with some additional land. It lies downstream of two large impoundments on the Ord River, Lakes Argyle and Kununurra, which have had a major impact on the river’s hydrology through changing its flow pattern so that there are now constant flows through the dry season. In effect, the lower Ord has been transformed through flow regulation at the dams from a ‘dry tropics’ to a ‘wet tropics’ river.</p><br>
<p>The southern part of the site is dominated by Parry Creek, including 20 km of seasonal creek and an alluvial floodplain which is flooded during the wet season. It dries out quickly in the dry season, except for waterholes associated with incised channels and claypans. The southern, or upstream, part of the floodplain is freshwater, while the northern, or downstream part, is either regularly flooded with saltwater or contains saline soils.</p><br>
<p>The lower reaches of the Ord River extend from the Parry Creek floodplain northwards to the Cambridge Gulf. The upper reaches of the Ord River are permanently fresh; the lower reaches, when not in flood, become saline due to the tidal cycle which, at the coast, has an amplitude of up to 8 m. Within the site the upstream end of the river channel is around 150 m wide with broad sand and gravel spits, while unstable mud bars and islands characterise the 5 km wide mouth. From the mouth of the Ord River, the site extends northwards around the coast to include the False Mouths of the Ord, consisting of a maze of deltaic channels, intertidal mudflats and low muddy islands, an area which receives only a little fresh water from small and ephemeral creeks.</p><br>
<h3>Climate</h3><br>
<p>The site has a dry tropical climate. Rainfall is monsoonal, with the hot and humid wet season occurring from November to March. Wyndham has an average annual rainfall of 695 mm. The dry season is mild, with periods of steady south-easterly winds. The average maximum temperature varies from 30 °C in July to 39 °C in December.</p><br>
<h3>Flora and fauna</h3><br>
<h4>Vegetation</h4><br>
<p>Within the site ten main vegetation associations have been identified: mudflats, mangroves, dune systems, grassland, low woodland, sandstone range open woodland, riverine woodland, rainforest (aquifer forest) and spring vegetation, major rivers and lagoons (permanent and ephemeral), and savanna woodland. Some 335 native vascular plants from 89 families have been recorded from the site, with 16 introduced species.</p><br>
<p>The eastern coast of the Cambridge Gulf is one of the richest places for mangroves in the Kimberley region in terms of species diversity, structural complexity, and area, with 14 species occurring within the site. Zonation is evident; mangrove species in the seaward zone form a woodland about 8 m high, dominated by Sonneratia alba, Avicennia marina and Aegiceras corniculatum. Behind this, in a woodland 10 m high, are Bruguiera parviflora, Avicennia marina and Aegiceras corniculatum, and then a belt of Rhizophora stylosa 12 15 m high. On the landward edge is a 4 m high thicket of Avicennia marina, Ceriops tagal and Aegialitis annulata. Sporobolus virginicus grassland and samphire grow on the mudflats behind the mangroves. Other occasional species of mangrove include Xylocarpus moluccensis, Excoecaria agallocha and Camptostemon schultzii.</p><br>
<h4>Birds</h4><br>
<p>The seasonal wetlands on the floodplain regularly support large numbers of waterbirds. Numerically important duck species include hardhead, grey teal and plumed whistling duck. The lagoons are also an important site for shorebirds: several thousand little curlews and Oriental pratincoles, and hundreds of wood sandpipers have been counted. The Parry Lagoons are probably the most important site in Australia for both wood and marsh sandpipers. When local rainfall is high the lagoons and other seasonal wetlands are major breeding areas for waterbirds in the Kimberley, with up to 77 species recorded in habitats associated with Parry Creek. The grasslands are the only place in Western Australia where zitting cisticolas occur naturally. The mangroves contain 12 of the 13 species of terrestrial bird restricted to such habitat, or to rainforest, in Western Australia, including the black butcherbird. About 200 bird species have been recorded from the site.</p><br>
<h4>Other fauna</h4><br>
<p>The lower Ord River contains a high density of salt water crocodiles. The mangroves support at least six species of microbat, the black flying-fox and grassland melomys. Other mammals known from the site include: the northern nail-tail wallaby, agile wallaby, long-haired rat and Kimberley rock rat. The critically endangered largetooth sawfish has been collected from the lower Ord River.</p><br>
<h2>Human activity</h2><br>
<p>Aboriginal people have a complex and spiritual relationship with the land and waters of the Ord River. The site lies within the traditional lands of the Miriuwung and Gajerrong language groups, and there are many cultural heritage sites, including those concerned with ceremonial, mythological and burial activities, associated with the river.</p><br>
<p>The area is a regular tourist destination. Some exploration for alluvial diamonds takes place. The surrounding land is used for cattle grazing.</p><br>
<p>Buckland Rings is the site of an Iron Age hill fort in the town of Lymington, Hampshire. Today, the mounds and dykes around the outside which once constituted its defences are still clearly visible, although the outer bank lies under the road on the west side, and on the south-east it is nearly ploughed-out. Excavations of the inner and middle ramparts in 1935 revealed that they were of wall-and-fill construction, retained at the front by upright timber beams and walls of cut and laid turf. The entrance, which lies on the east side, was also excavated revealing a long entrance passage and the postholes for a pair of stout gateposts. The site was bought by Hampshire County Council in 1989 to ensure its preservation, and it is open to the public from the A337 road onto which part of it faces.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Buckland Rings is a triple-banked, rectangular encampment dating from the Iron Age. Although this type of enclosure is commonly referred to as a hillfort, Buckland Rings is in fact only 27 metres above sea-level. This type of site is rare in lowland areas and as such it is the best preserved and most important in the Hampshire/Dorset basin. It stands on a spur of gravel and encloses 2.8 hectares. The innermost bank stands 2.4 metres high whilst the middle one is lower but unusually wide. Buckland Rings has well-preserved triple banks and double ditches, although the outer bank lies under the road on the west side, and the east side which contained the entrance was partly ploughed up in the mid 18th century.</p><br>
<h2>Early reports</h2><br>
<p>The earliest report of Buckland Rings was by Thomas Wright who visited the site in the summer of 1743. He described Buckland Rings as "very strong, with double ditches, and triple Vallums, upon the Top of Hill, three Ways guarded by a natural Ascent." Wright drew a plan of the fort, which is especially valuable as some of the eastern ramparts were flattened by a farmer around 1750. Wright also noticed the presence of a lower camp nearby (Ampress Camp) together with a farm called Ampress Farm, which he understood to be "Ambrose Farm", and he thought that it was "not improbable" that the site was "a principal station" belonging to the 5th-century Romano-British war-leader Ambrosius Aurelianus.</p><br>
<p>This thought was elaborated on by Richard Warner in 1793 who fancifully described how Ambrosius "unable to support the furious attacks of the invaders, was probably driven... till he reached the neighbourhood of Lymington." Warner describes how "an earthwork, a rude sample of British castrametation, may still be discerned at this place."</p><br>
<p>Others simply thought that Buckland Rings was a Roman camp, but in 1885 the newly formed Hampshire Field Club and Archaeological Society examined the site and resolved that the word "Roman" should be omitted from future Ordnance Survey maps.</p><br>
<h2>1935 Excavations</h2><br>
<p>To date the only excavation of the site was that conducted over a three-week period in 1935 under the supervision of Christopher Hawkes, following some preparatory work in 1934. Hawkes limited his excavations to areas around the entrance, and especially to the inner and middle ramparts and ditches on the east side where the ramparts had been almost totally removed around 1750.</p><br>
<h3>Inner ditch and rampart</h3><br>
<p>The inner ditch was of V-section, 3.5 metres deep and 8.8 metres wide. Postholes for upright beams were found at the front of the inner rampart.</p><br>
<h3>Middle rampart</h3><br>
<p>The middle rampart was apparently rather lower than the inner rampart, since the middle ditch was rather smaller than the inner ditch. Only one posthole was found, but it is thought that this rampart also had a wall-and-fill structure with upright beams and a facing wall of cut and laid turf.</p><br>
<h3>Entrance</h3><br>
<p>The entrance was a narrow passage extending some 60 metres in length from the outer edge of the second ditch to gates at the inmost end.</p><br>
<h3>Evaluation</h3><br>
<p>The finds from the excavation were very few, and of limited help in dating the site. A small iron chain was found, consisting of a circular ring and remains of five oval links. Hawkes himself believed that the fort was built in the first century BC and was demolished in about 43 AD, possibly by the Romans. Many hillforts in southern England had been abandoned well before the Roman conquest, and Buckland Rings may have fallen out use by the 1st century BC. The finds from excavation are stored in Winchester.</p><br>
<h2>1993 survey</h2><br>
<p>A geophysical survey was conducted in the interior of Buckland Rings in 1993 using magnetometry. However, geological conditions at the site for magnetic detection of archaeology were discovered to be poor and features such as posthole structures were undetectable. The survey was able to trace the course of the missing defences, locate the position of Hawkes&#39;s excavations, and partially define the entrance features. Evidence of settlement activity, however, was inconclusive.</p><br>
<h2>The site today</h2><br>
<p>Today the site is well preserved, and the only obvious damage is where parts of the eastern ramparts were flattened in the 18th century, and where the outer rampart on the western side has been encroached upon by the road. These plans were rejected in a public inquiry in 1988. Since 1989 Buckland Rings has been in the care and ownership of Hampshire County Council and it is now open to visitors on foot. Buckland Rings is now a Scheduled Ancient Monument. There is also a bicycle Dirt jumping track adjacent to Buckland rings situated in a disused gravel pit.</p><br>
<h2>Ampress Camp</h2><br>
<p>Close to Buckland Rings is another earthwork enclosure known as Ampress Camp (or Ampress Hole). It lies 360 metres east of Buckland Rings alongside Lymington River, and about 200 metres north of Lymington New Forest Hospital. Ampress Camp was noted by Thomas Wright in 1744, who described it as "upon a lower Ground, close by a River (which defends it on one Side), with a Ditch and Vallum half round, and a kind of Morass on the other." Waterworks occupy the northern part of the site, and commercial buildings have encroached upon the western half. There have been only limited excavations, but a few scraps of pottery found at the site may date from the Iron Age. If the camp does date from the Iron Age, then it is unusual to have two Iron Age camps so close together. Ampress Camp may perhaps have formed a beachhead for the inhabitants of Buckland Rings, or it may have been occupied during a different period of the Iron Age.</p><br>
<h2>Citations</h2><br>
<p>The Beauregard-Keyes House is a historic residence located at 1113 Chartres Street in the French Quarter, New Orleans, Louisiana. It is currently a museum focusing on some of the past residents of the house, most notably Confederate General Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard and American author Frances Parkinson Keyes.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The property where the house would be built was originally owned by Ursuline nuns, who sold off parcels of their land in 1825. The home was designed by François Correjolles and built by James Lambert in 1826 for auctioneer Joseph LeCarpentier. In his design, Correjolles combined elements of a Creole cottage with Greek Revival features, including a Palladian façade. In particular, he used Creole forms in the interior and on the rear elevation, as well as a cabinet gallery and detached outbuildings, but maintaining the American tradition of a central hall. Consul of Switzerland John A. Merle became the owner in 1833 and his wife, Anais Philippon, added the adjoining garden.</p><br>
<h3>Beauregard</h3><br>
<p>By 1865, the home was purchased by a local grocer named Dominique Lanata, who rented it out until 1904. His first tenants were the Beauregards. Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard married his second wife, Caroline Deslonde, in 1860. Caroline was the daughter of André Deslonde, a sugar planter from St. James Parish. The newlyweds honeymooned briefly in the house. Mrs. Beauregard died in 1864.</p><br>
<p>After the American Civil War, Beauregard returned to 1113 Chartres Street and lived in the house from 1866 to 1868. He then moved with his son René and a widowed older sister to a home at 934 Royal Street, where he lived until 1875.</p><br>
<p>In 1925, a new owner of the house wanted to tear it down to erect factories. Local women formed the Beauregard Memorial Association to preserve the home, though the garden could not be saved.</p><br>
<h3>Keyes</h3><br>
<p>American author Frances Parkinson Keyes purchased the house at 1113 Chartres Street and made it her residence. While living at the house, Keyes wrote numerous books, one of which was set in the house and included Beauregard as a character: Madame Castels Lodger. The 1962 novel explored Beauregards emotional struggles as a twice-widowed Civil War veteran who refused to take the loyalty oath to the Union. She also wrote a novel called The Chess Players, based on chess champion Paul Morphy, who was also the grandson of the original owner of the house, LeCarpentier.</p><br>
<h2>Modern history</h2><br>
<p>Keyes began the restoration work on the house as early as 1945 when she hired architect Richard Koch to begin work. She also worked with a local group called the Garden Study Club to replant the garden to its 1830s–1860s look and rebuild the brick wall surrounding it. The Orleans Parish Landmarks Commission installed a bronze plaque identifying the home&#39;s history in 1958.</p><br>
<p>Today, the Beauregard-Keyes house is restored to its Victorian style and showcases items from Beauregards family, as well as Keyess studio and her collections of dolls and rare porcelain veilleuses (tea pots). The house is open for tours.</p><br>
<h2>Images of the building</h2><br>
<p>The Thomas N. Wheeler Farm is located on Indian Lake Road  in the Town of North East, New York, United States, south of the village of Millerton. It is a frame house built at the beginning of the 19th century in the Federal style.</p><br>
<p>It is one of the earliest surviving intact farmsteads in the Coleman Station Historic District. In 1993, when the district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the house and another building on the property were recognized as contributing properties to its historic character. Seven years later it was listed on the Register in its own right.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings and grounds</h2><br>
<p>The farm&#39;s 18 acre are located on both sides of Indian Lake Road just west of the three-way intersection where it turns to the east and Mill Road continues north, just west of the former New York Central Railroad right-of-way that is now the Harlem Valley Rail Trail. The area is level, save for a small rise on the northern lot line, located near the floor of the small bowl that makes up the Coleman Station area. A small tributary of Webutuck Creek flows through north end of the property, draining into the creek itself a short distance to the east.</p><br>
<p>North of the road is the house and most of the associated farm buildings are located on the north side of the road. On the south a tennis court stands on what was once a cornfield. Various farm buildings such as a granary, stables and carriage house are located behind the main house. There are six contributing resources to the Register listing on the property.</p><br>
<p>The main block of the house is a two-story, five-bay hand-hewn timber frame building on a stone foundation. It is sided in clapboard and topped with a gabled roof shingled in wood and pierced by two brick chimneys. It has a one-and-a-half-story wing on the east, similarly treated but with two large gabled dormer windows piercing the roof instead of chimneys. Connected to its northeast is a one-story shed-roofed kitchen wing.</p><br>
<p>A gable-roofed single-bay porch with railings and square pillars shelters the main entrance. The first-story windows on the south (front) facade have panels beneath. All windows on that facade of the main block are two-over-two double-hung sash. On the wing they are 12-over-12. The kitchen wing&#39;s roof shelters a side entrance and porch on the east end of that wing. Above it is a small Palladian window in the gable field. The north (rear) facade has irregularly placed nine-over-six sash.</p><br>
<p>The raised-panel oak main entrance door, with windows on the side and above, opens onto a wide central hallway with its original heavy oak wide tongue and groove flooring and plaster walls. On the east are two parlors of roughly the same size with some original wall sections and wideboard pine flooring. Their fireplaces are almost identical, with pine mantels and marble hearths; the southeast one having a built-in cupboard nearby. The substantial chimney stacks are angled to be centered at the roof. The kitchen wing&#39;s interiors date to the early-to-mid-20th century.</p><br>
<p>On the east of the main hall is the stairs, much of which are original. It has square newels and a simple molded handrail with simple square balusters. The original pine stair treads were protected by carpeting for many years.</p><br>
<p>The second story has an identical floor plan. The northeast bedroom has original wainscoting and chair rail. All woodwork in it and the southeast room is original as is the pine wideboard flooring. The basement runs under the entire house, including the kitchen wing. There are no hearths, but the stone and wood bases of the chimney stacks are evident.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Wheeler family came to America in 1635 when Thomas Wheeler emigrated from the English town of Cranefield to Concord, Massachusetts. Over a century later, in 1749, his great-great-grandson, also named Thomas, bought land in the Great Nine Partners Patent and settled in what is now Amenia, New York, to the west of the future Coleman Station. He operated a mill near the current house site.</p><br>
<p>No construction date is known, but it is believed that the house was built around 1800 from its Federal style architecture. At that time Thomas Newcomb Wheeler, one of ten children of the elder Thomas Wheeler&#39;s son Noah, would have been 26 years old, old enough to have had his own house. Noah divided his holdings among his children in 1818, retaining what is now the Wheeler-Bassett Farm on Reagan Road for himself to live out his final years.</p><br>
<p>A tenant house was built to the southwest in the early 1820s. Noah Wheelers children, Thomas included, bought out their cousins holdings in 1824. Seventeen years later, in 1841, Thomas sold his holdings to his sons Henry and Lawrence for $9,000 ($ in contemporary dollars), on the condition that he be allowed to remain in his home for the remainder of his natural life and that their 44-year-old unmarried sister Selina be allowed to use one of the bedrooms and both parlors for the remainder of her life. The following year his will expanded on these terms.</p><br>
<p>Two years later, Thomas N. Wheeler died. Lawrence bought out Henry&#39;s interest for $1,200 and then sold it to their younger brother Stephen D. Wheeler for $4,000 ($ in contemporary dollars). The two brothers soon became embroiled in litigation with the New York and Harlem Railroad over the value of the land it wanted to take from them through eminent domain to complete its route from New York City to Albany. The railroad ultimately prevailed, with the Wheelers receiving less per acre than their neighbors, but won the right to have a bridge erected over the rock cut south of the tenant house and maintained in perpetuity by the railroad and its assigns.</p><br>
<p>Stephen Wheeler moved back into the house after swapping land with his brother in 1859. This transfer reduced the lot around the house to its current 18 acre from what had at one time been 600 acre. When he died, his daughter sold her rights to the house to her brother Burnett. They mortgaged it in 1876 to Hiram Clark and his wife Mary.</p><br>
<p>After the Blizzard of 1888 the rock cut filled up with snow, leading to a rail accident that killed five and took a week to clear. One of the locomotive&#39;s cab roofs was used as an animal shelter in a nearby field. The houses were used to treat the wounded. Mary Wheeler defaulted on the mortgage and lost the house in 1897, taking it out of the Wheeler family after almost a century.</p><br>
<p>The Sela Pass  is a high-altitude mountain pass located on the border between the Tawang and West Kameng Districts of Arunachal Pradesh state in India. It has an elevation of 4170 m  and connects the Tibetan Buddhist town of Tawang to Dirang and Guwahati. The pass carries the main road connecting Tawang with the rest of India. The pass supports scarce amounts of vegetation and is usually snow-covered to some extent throughout the year. Sela Lake, near the summit of the pass, is one of approximately 101 lakes in the area that are sacred in Tibetan Buddhism. While Sela Pass does get heavy snowfall in winters, it is usually open throughout the year unless landslides or snow require the pass to be shut down temporarily.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Sela Pass crosses a subrange of the Himalayas that separates Tawang District from the rest of India. The pass is 4170 m (13,700 ft) high and is situated at a distance of 78 km from Tawang town and 340 km from Guwahati. While the Border Roads Organization (BRO) of India works to keep the pass is open throughout the year, it may shut down temporarily after landslides and during heavy snow. Summers at Sela Pass are not very cold but temperature in winter can dip down to -10 degree Celsius. Sela lake is a large lake located on the north side of the pass at an elevation of 4,160 m. This lake often freezes during the winter and is drained Nuranang River, a tributary of the Tawang River. Limited vegetation grows around the lake which is used as a grazing site for yaks during the summer.</p><br>
<h2>Religion</h2><br>
<p>Sela Pass is a sacred site in Tibetan Buddhism. Buddhists believe that there are about 101 sacred lakes in and around the pass.</p><br>
<h2>Legend</h2><br>
<p>According to legend, a sepoy of the Indian Army named Jaswant Singh Rawat fought alone against the Chinese soldiers near the pass during the 1962 Sino-Indian War. A tribal woman named Sela who had brought food and water to him is said to have killed herself upon seeing the dead body of Jaswant Singh Rawat. Singh was posthumously awarded the Maha Vir Chakra for his courage and devotion to duty.</p><br>
<p>The Acors Barns House is located in New London, Connecticut. Built in 1837, the Acors Barns House is a two-and-one half story Greek Revival house with a gable roof and clapboarded exterior. The front facade of the house is five bays wide with a Greek Revival portico leading to the main entrance. Additions to the house include a projecting center dormer, and second-story projection over a partially enclosed veranda. The plain exterior is contrasted by interior&#39;s elaborate hall ceilings, detailed woodwork and arched marble fireplaces.</p><br>
<p>In 1862, Barns died and the house was passed to his sons before being transferred to Harriet Barns Vincent. The house was sold to Julia OSullivan in 1919 before being sold to Francis McGuire in 1956. The McGuires operated the house as a law firm and passed the title to James McGuire. In 2013, James McGuire sold the house to the Community Foundation of Eastern Connecticut. Dave Collins wrote that the Acors Barns house is a "fine and rare example" of architecture that is especially important to New London, Connecticut. The Acors Barns House was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 22, 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Acors Barns</h2><br>
<p>Born in 1794, Acors Barns was the son a mariner and lived in Westerly, Rhode Island before moving to Stonington, Connecticut. Barns moved to New London, Connecticut and formed a whaling company with William Williams Jr. in 1827. The company prospered and became one of the largest firms in the city, but Barns avoided the 1849 decline of the whaling industry by investing elsewhere. Barns invested in the Willimantic and Palmer Railroad before establishing the Bank of Commerce in 1852. Barns died in 1862, but his sons would continue the successful Bank of Commerce.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1837, the Acors Barns House is a two-and-one half story Greek Revival house with a gable roof and clapboarded exterior. The front facade of the house is five bays wide with 6-over-6 sash and the main entrance has a Greek Revival portico supported by fluted Doric columns from top step. The simple single-panel door is surrounded by sidelights. The corners of the building have simple pilasters and four chimneys rising from the top. The rear of the house has a one-story veranda with a shallow hipped roof that is supported by square columns with a simple balustrade. The veranda has large 6-over-9 sash windows that extend almost a full story. In 1975, the area surrounding the property has undergone significant change, but the house is surrounded by trees and shrubs and a wrought iron fence that helps set it apart from the neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>Modifications to the house include the addition of a large pediment-shaped dormer that projects from the center of the main roof and is lighted by a rectangular double window. Part of the veranda was enclosed and the stairs that lead to a formal garden were removed. Above the center of the veranda is a second-story projection that was described as visually compromising the elegance of the rear facade.</p><br>
<p>The plain exterior is contrasted by the elegance of the interior of the house. The house has elaborate hall ceilings, detailed woodwork and arched marble fireplaces. The floor plan is built around the central hall with an offset stairway. The parlor rooms to the right are separated by a wide archway. The two rooms to the left are a dining room and a pantry that has a dumbwaiter to the kitchen in the cellar. The National Historic Register of Places nomination noted that the cellar contained the "remains of the kitchen, washroom and wine cellar". The second floor is made of four chambers and the attic consists of five small rooms. The attics rooms served as the servants cubicles.</p><br>
<h2>Owners</h2><br>
<p>The Acors Barns House has gone through several owners over its lifetime. In 1862, the house passed from Acors Barns to his son William H. Barns. In 1893, the second son, Charles Barns acquired the title to the house and transferred it upon his death to Harriet Barns Vincent, the daughter of his sister. Harriet Barns Vincent sold the house to Julia OSullivan in 1919. Francis McGuire purchased the house in 1956 and it would later pass to James McGuire. In 2013, James McGuire sold the house to the Community Foundation of Eastern Connecticut for $325,000. The foundation stated it would continue to preserve the houses historical integrity.</p><br>
<h2>Importance</h2><br>
<p>Clouette writes, "The Barns house physically documents the symbiosis by which the wealthy and the propertyless shared a home. Its value as an artifact is enhanced by the successful reuse which has retained the character of the building."</p><br>
<p>William S. Townsend House is located in the Dennisville section of Dennis Township, Cape May County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1811 and added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 5, 1984.</p><br>
<p>According to the National Register Application: "The house was the home of William S. Townsend, a prominent merchant, farmer, and community leader in Dennisville. Architecturally, the house is an interesting example of the Vernacular Neoclassicial style. The house is part of a well-preserved complex, which includes several outbuildings."</p><br>
<p>Copies of the USA Department of Interior, National Park Service Architectural Data Form and photographs of the buildings interior and exterior are included in the Library of Congresss Prints & Photographs Reading Room - Prints & Photographs Online Catalog.</p><br>
<p>Gözlükule is a tumulus within the borders of Tarsus city, Mersin Province, Turkey. It is now a park with an altitude of 22 m with respect to surrounding area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Initially settled in the Neolithic Period, Gözlükule became an important settlement and a port during the 2nd millennium BC.</p><br>
<p>Hetty Goldman, Excavations at Gözlü Kule, Tarsus. Volume II:</p><br>
<p>From the Neolithic through the Bronze Age, Princeton University Press, 1956</p><br>
<p>It was located at the intersection of the main road systems, one following the Mediterranean sea side, the other following valleys through Toros Mountains to Anatolian plateau (so called Cilician Gates). Eventually the city of Tarsus was established just north of Gözlükule. But Gözlükule was still active as the port of Cilicia. In 41 BC Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony entered Tarsus using the port of Gözlükule.</p><br>
<p>In later years, the coastline moved to south because of the sediment carried by the Berdan River and Gözlükule lost its importance as a port.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>Before the official excavations began, the tumulus had been partially damaged. During French occupation of Tarsus following World War I, a French battalion had been deployed on Gözlükule. It is believed that this operation resulted in some depredation.</p><br>
<p>The initial excavations between 1934 and 1939 were carried out by</p><br>
<p>a team from Bryn Mawr College and the Institute for Advanced Study led by Hetty Goldman.</p><br>
<p>Hetty Goldman, Excavations at Gözlü Kule, Tarsus. Volume II:</p><br>
<p>From the Neolithic through the Bronze Age, Princeton University Press, 1956</p><br>
<p>She was the first officially sanctioned woman archeologist. After being interrupted by World War II, some</p><br>
<p>additional work went on from 1947 to 1949. The stratification</p><br>
<p>recovered at the site is important in Bronze Age Anatolian</p><br>
<p>chronology.</p><br>
<p>In 2001, Boğaziçi University began to work at the site, with excavations beginning in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Boğaziçi University announced that it will open a research center in Tarsus on 18 February 2017.</p><br>
<h3>The finds</h3><br>
<p>Neolithic age: Pieces of plaster, obsidian tools, arrowheads, spears, ceramic,</p><br>
<p>Chalcolithic age: jars, pots, water jags,</p><br>
<p>Bronze age: Bronze weapons, stamps, ruins of adobe buildings, city wall,</p><br>
<p>Ancient age: A part of the treaty signed between Telepinu the king of Hittites and Isputahsu of Kizuwatna (vassal of Hittites), the stamp of Isputahsu, the stamp of Puduhepa, the Hittite queen, a crystal sculpture.</p><br>
<p>Thornton Peak is a prominent mountain that rises above the Daintree Rainforest to a height of 1374 m. The mountain is located about 80 km northwest of Cairns within the catchment of the Daintree River.</p><br>
<p>It is Queensland&#39;s fourth highest peak after Mount Bartle Frere at 1,622 m, Mount Bellenden Ker at 1,593 m and Mount Superbus at 1,375 m.</p><br>
<p>The indigenous Eastern Kuku Yalanji people&#39;s name for Thornton Peak is Wundu, and it has spiritual significance for them.</p><br>
<p>The peak is covered by rainforest and is home to a number of endemic species. Thornton Peak is one of only three mountain tops that are home to the cinereus ringtail possum.</p><br>
<p>A group of scientists have suggested the mountain is a viable candidate for the translocation of some species which require a colder climate due to climate change.</p><br>
<p>In April 2001, a missing Aero Commander 500 was found on Thornton Peak.</p><br>
<p>Upvan  is a lake located in Thane in the Indian state of Maharashtra and is famous for hosting the Sanskruti Arts Festival. Founded and reconstructed by J.K. Singhania for water supply till raymond factory. He also constructed beautiful lord ganeshas temple at Upvan lake. The lake is surrounded by roads. The lake is located near Gawand Baug, Shivai Nagar, Vasant Vihar and Vartak nagar. This is one of the recreational areas for people who live in Thane. It is one of the biggest lakes in Thane, surrounded by Yeoor Hills, and lies in the Pokhran-II area. One of the eco friendly lake of city. Upvan Lake is regarded as Thanes ‘lover&#39;s paradise’.</p><br>
<p>Upvan lake forms a junction of the Pokhran I and Pokhran II roads. Once, the major source of water providing for the entire Thane city, Upvan lake today has become a primary recreational place. Right from illegal amateur bike racings to couple spots, Upvan is characteristic with the Yeoor hills. The hills provide a serene landscape to the lake. However, the rise in the number of high rise buildings have slowly reduced this. The official residence of the Mayor of Thane Municipal Corporation lies adjacent to the lake.</p><br>
<p>Upvan was decorated during Sanskruti Arts Festival 2015. It&#39;s a treat to go for a morning walk to Upvan & presents a beautiful sight.</p><br>
<p>Cima Dodici  is a mountain on the border of Vicenza in Veneto and Trentino in Trentino Alto Adige, northern Italy, south of the village of Borgo Valsugana. It has an elevation of 2,336 metres. and is the highest peak in Vicenza. At 1,874 m prominence, it is an ultra prominent peak. The key col is near the village of Pergine Valsugana.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>The most direct access to the summit is from the valley of Galmarara, on the left hand side of the Val d&#39;Assa. From the crossroads of the Galmarara hut (1614 m, reachable by car) the route continues via two old Austrian military roads, the Zoviellostraße (or, alternatively, the path 830) and the Kaiser Karl Straße. Just beyond the Bivio Italy (1987 m), a path leads to the summit.</p><br>
<p>The climb from Val di Sella is more difficult as it begins lower down the mountain. It goes via trail 211 which, starting from the road of Dosso, goes directly to the summit through the valley of the Twelve and the valley of the Trap. Alternatively, for the trail marked 231, which is detached from the former, it is a gradual climb up the valley of the Twelve to join up with the other path near the Busa Dodese bivouac.</p><br>
<p>From the summit the view sweeps over the eastern Alps, including the Brenta Dolomites, over to Pale di San Martino. The Adriatic Sea and The Apennines are visible to the south on a clear day.</p><br>
<p>On the top lie two summit crosses. The first, made from wood, was erected in 1946 to replace an earlier cross laid in 1900. The second, made up of metal pipes, was put up in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>SOIUSA classification</h2><br>
<p>According to the SOIUSA (International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps) the mountain can be classified in the following way:</p><br>
<p>main part=Eastern Alps</p><br>
<p>major sector=Southern Limestone Alps</p><br>
<p>section=Venetian prealps</p><br>
<p>subsection=Prealpi Vicentine</p><br>
<p>supergroup=Gruppo degli Altipiani</p><br>
<p>group=Altopiano dei sette comuni</p><br>
<p>subgroup=Dorsale Cima Dodici-Ortigara</p><br>
<p>code=II/C-32.I-A.3.b</p><br>
<p>Monte Cimone di Tonezza is a mountain of the Veneto, Italy. It has an elevation of 1,226 m.</p><br>
<p>During the First World War, Monte Cimone di Tonezza was the site of tunnel and mine warfare: In order to protect their soldiers from enemy fire and the hostile alpine environment, both Austro-Hungarian and Italian military engineers constructed fighting tunnels which offered a degree of cover and allowed better logistics support. In addition to building underground shelters and covered supply routes for their soldiers, both sides also attempted to break the stalemate of trench warfare by tunneling under no mans land and laying large quantities of explosives beneath the enemys positions. On 17 September 1916, Italian troops fired a mine on Monte Cimone di Tonezza in an unsuccessful attempt to halt a mining attack by Austro-Hungarian soldiers, but on 23 September 1916 the Austro-Hungarians still fired that mine. The resulting explosion created a crater 50 m wide and 22 m deep on the Monte Cimone summit. The Italians lost 1137 men in the detonation and ensuing battle, of which 500 were taken prisoner.</p><br>
<p>Cinque Torri  are a small group belonging to Nuvolao group, in the Dolomiti Ampezzane  north-west of San Vito di Cadore and south-west of Cortina d&#39;Ampezzo.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Cinque Torri, as all the other mountains in the area, are made of Dolomia, with a particular pale grey colour. The group is formed by five towers (which give the name to the mountain) with a maximum elevation of 2.361 m (Torre Grande).</p><br>
<p>Every "tower" has its own name:</p><br>
<p>Torre Grande, the highest one has three very appealing peaks for rock climbers: Cima Nord, Cima Sud e Cima Ovest</p><br>
<p>Torre Seconda, also named Torre del Barancio or Torre Romana</p><br>
<p>Terza Torre, or Torre Latina</p><br>
<p>Quarta Torre, formed by two blocks of rock with different height, respectively called then Torre Quarta Bassa and Torre Quarta Alta</p><br>
<p>Quinta Torre, or Torre Inglese.</p><br>
<p>They are located in the south-west area of the valley of Cortina d&#39;Ampezzo, north of the Averau mountain, which Cinque Torri can be considered part of.</p><br>
<h2>Summer and Winter activities</h2><br>
<p>In the Cinque Torri area there are the following rifugi (mountain hut):</p><br>
<p>Rifugio Cinque Torri, m 2.137</p><br>
<p>Rifugio Scoiattoli, m 2.255</p><br>
<p>During summer it is possible to do excursions in the woods and on paths, among which it is worth to mention Alta Via 1 of the Dolomites, the "Muraglia di Giau" (along the border between comuni of Cortina and San Vito di Cadore, itineraries towards Nuvolau e il Passo Giau and the historical path in the trenches of the World War I.</p><br>
<p>The towers also provide good and popular rock climbing with various routes at a range of grades up all of the towers.</p><br>
<p>In winter, Cinque Torri are a very important ski area, whose tracks belong to the wider Dolomiti Superski area. Therefore, they are connected to the nearby mountains Lagazuoi and Col Gallina. Until a few years ago it was possible to ski only towards Lagazuoi - Col Gallina - Cinque Torri, but starting from winter season 2008-2009 it is possible also to go from the Cinque Torri area to the higher area of Falzarego Pass by mean of the lift "Croda Negra" and the corresponding track beyond Averau mountain.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This area was theater of conflicts between Italian and austro-Hungarian troops during World War I; countless testimonies of the fighting and of the war shelters built by the Italian army are present and have been recently restructured to create interesting historical itineararies.</p><br>
<p>McCradys Tavern and Long Room is a historic tavern complex located in downtown Charleston, South Carolina. Constructed in several phases in the second half of the 18th century, the tavern was a hub of social life in Charleston in the years following the American Revolution. The taverns Long Room, completed in 1788, was used for theatrical performances and banquets for the citys elite, and is the last of its kind in Charleston. McCradys was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 for its architectural and political significance.</p><br>
<p>Edward McCrady (d. 1801), a Charleston barber and Revolutionary War veteran, purchased the tavern in 1778, and over the next decade expanded the tavern and constructed the Long Room. In 1791, the Society of the Cincinnati hosted a banquet in the Long Room for President George Washington, who was visiting the city. The building continued to function as a tavern and banquet hall throughout much of the first half of the 19th century, and later served as a warehouse and print shop. The building was restored to its late-18th century appearance in the 1980s, and currently houses McCrady&#39;s Restaurant.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The McCrady&#39;s Tavern complex consists of two main structures&mdash; the main tavern building, which faces East Bay Street, and the Long Room, which faces Unity Alley. The main tavern building is a rectangular three-story brick structure with a flat roof. The building is four bays wide, with its front (east) facade facing East Bay Street. The north facade is flush with an adjacent building, and the south facade faces a very narrow corridor. The rear facade faces a courtyard which connects it to the Long Room. The main tavern building is oriented east-to-west, while the Long Room is oriented north-to-south, giving the complex a "T" shape.</p><br>
<p>McCradys Long Room is a two-story brick structure measuring 75 ft by 25 ft. The buildings front facade faces Unity Alley, a narrow pedestrian alley connecting East Bay Street and State Street. The corridor on the southeast end of the Long Room adjacent to the front has been enclosed, and now serves as the complexs main entrance (the entrance to the main tavern building on East Bay is used as a private entrance for the current restaurants "Chefs Room" guests). The Long Room buildings first story consists of an arcade open on the east side which originally housed stalls for horses. The Long Room building&#39;s main room, where banquets and performances were held, occupies most of the second story, and originally included a stage and a 16 ft ceiling. The second story also included an anteroom and dressing room for performers.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The lot now occupied by McCradys Tavern was initially granted to a merchant named Jonathan Amory, who sold it in 1723. In subsequent decades, the lot was used for various commercial purposes. What is now the main tavern building had been constructed by 1767, when it was mentioned in a city survey. Edward McCrady, a Charleston barber, purchased the building in August 1778, and began using it as a tavern. Like many colonial taverns, McCradys offered meals and lodging in addition to providing a venue for gathering and drinking.</p><br>
<p>During the American Revolution, McCrady served as a leader in Charlestons militia. When Charleston fell to the British in 1780, McCrady was arrested and taken to St. Augustine, where he was held until 1781. McCrady eventually purchased lots adjacent to his tavern, allowing him to construct the Long Room, which served as a banquet hall and small-scale performance venue, in 1788. On May 4, 1791, the Charleston branch of the Society of the Cincinnati hosted a banquet for President George Washington in McCradys Long Room. The banquet was also attended by South Carolina governor Charles Pinckney, several congressmen, and the mayor of Charleston.</p><br>
<p>After McCrady&#39;s death in 1801, the tavern changed hands several times. In 1884, it was converted into a warehouse, and in 1913, the Daggett Printing Company purchased the building for use as a print shop. In the 1970s, after the building had been abandoned for several years, it was added to the National Register and plans were made to restore it to its late-18th century appearance.</p><br>
<h2>McCrady's Restaurant</h2><br>
<p>In the early 1980s, the McCrady building was remodeled by the architectural firm Bentel & Bentel for use as a restaurant. The arcade stalls beneath the Long Room were outfitted with tile and now serve as a dining area adjacent to the restaurants bar. The Long Room now functions as a large dining room. Other modifications to the complex include the addition of mahogany paneling and a Baccarat crystal chandelier in what is now called the "Chefs Room." In 2010, the restaurants chef, Sean Brock, was awarded the James Beard Foundation Award for Best Chef Southeast. Sam Sifton, a New York Times Food Editor, referenced McCradys as one of the best restaurants outside of the "first tier" of American cities.</p><br>
<p>Immaculate Conception Catholic Church is a Roman Catholic parish in Botkins, Ohio, United States. Erected in 1865, the parish owns a complex of buildings constructed in a wide range of years, including two that have been designated as historic sites.</p><br>
<h2>Early parish history</h2><br>
<p>Immaculate Conception parish was organized in 1865 among a population of twenty-eight poor German immigrant families. A few Catholic families had settled in the vicinity of the village many years before, but their poverty had prevented them from supporting a pastor; accordingly, Mass was celebrated only occasionally by travelling priests. For many years, they worshipped in private homes or in a former schoolhouse, although a log church was built by the early 1860s. Soon after the creation of the parish, the members began to take measures to replace their church, and a new brick building was completed in 1867. Erected at a cost of approximately $8,000, this structure measured 45 ft by 85 ft, and it was crowned by a respectable steeple. As the years passed, the parish grew; by 1883, its membership was eighty-two families. Increased membership permitted improvements to the church: it was remodelled and embellished by painter F.H. Hefele in 1898, and ornate stained glass windows were installed in 1899. From the parishs earliest years, it possessed a cemetery: a small plot 1 mi north of Botkins was used for a time, and it was soon replaced by a more suitable location on the villages northern edge.</p><br>
<h2>Rectory</h2><br>
<p>Many parishes in the region constructed rectories for their pastors in accordance with an archiepiscopal directive in the early twentieth century. Most of these houses are simple brick structures influenced by the style of the Sears Roebuck catalog of the day. The rectory at Botkins, built before this directive, is significantly different: its architecture is an ornate Italianate. Its brick walls are built on a foundation of limestone, and the building is covered with a roof of asphalt. This two-story house was the second rectory owned by the parish; its members bought and converted a house in 1875 before erecting the present structure in 1887 at a cost of $3,000.</p><br>
<h2>School</h2><br>
<p>Many parishes in the region also operated parish schools from their earliest years. Some rural parishes, such as St. Roses in St. Rose and St. Wendelins in Wendelin, built one-room schools for their children in the middle or late nineteenth century, while parishes such as St. Josephs in Wapakoneta and St. Johns in Fryburg erected larger two-story structures around the beginning of the twentieth century. it was a two-story building with a basement; among its most significant architectural features were the pillars at its entrance and the sharp contrasts at corners between walls. In this way, it was similar to parish schools at Celina and Coldwater, which were architecturally very similar to Botkins and to each other, and which were erected at a similar point in time.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>In 1961, the parish replaced its church building with a modern structure; however, the rectory and school were left in place. These two buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979: the school qualified because of its architecture, and the rectory both because of its architecture and because of its contribution to statewide history. Thirty-four other buildings in western Ohio were listed on the Register at the same time as part of the "Cross-Tipped Churches of Ohio Thematic Resources," a group of Catholic churches and church-related properties in rural western Ohio. These massive churches are the namesake of the region, which has been nicknamed the "Land of the Cross-Tipped Churches."</p><br>
<p>Today, Immaculate Conception is an active parish of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. It is clustered with Sacred Heart Parish in McCartyville and St. Lawrence Parish in Rhine, and the entire cluster is a part of the Sidney Deanery. Although the rectory retains its location adjacent to the church, the school has been destroyed, and a parking lot now sits in its place. This destruction was predicted in 1979 when the school was nominated for inclusion on the Register; the nominators noted that officials&#39; demands for progress endangered many parish schools. Ultimately, the destruction was a result of the expansion of the local elementary school in 1985: until this point, the Botkins Local School District had been renting the unused parish school building, but the increased space produced by the expansion rendered the old school superfluous. Despite its destruction, the school remains on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The LeMoyne Crematory was the first crematory in the United States. Francis Julius LeMoyne had it built in 1876 on his own land, perched atop a location known locally as Gallows Hill in the Pittsburgh area township of North Franklin, a bedroom community of nearby Washington, Pennsylvania. The first cremation took place on December 6, 1876. LeMoyne believed that cremation was a more sanitary way to dispose of bodies, preventing the contamination of drinking water. After 41 more cremations there , the crematory was closed in 1901. LeMoynes remains are buried there.</p><br>
<p>It is a brick 20 x 30 one-story building.</p><br>
<h2>Timeline</h2><br>
<p>Dr. Francis LeMoyne believed that cremation was a more sanitary way to dispose of bodies, preventing the contamination of drinking water.</p><br>
<p>After 41 more cremations there (with Dr. LeMoyne being the third, in 1879), the crematory was closed in 1901. The final cremation had occurred the year prior, on November 28, 1900, after Mrs. Mary S. Booth&#39;s remains were disposed of in the retort.</p><br>
<h2>The Crematory in recent history</h2><br>
<p>In 1953, the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission installed a historical marker noting the historic importance of the tavern.</p><br>
<p>Today, the structure can be found in the same location off of South Main Street. The Washington County Historical Society occasionally offers limited tours.</p><br>
<p>The Sackville House was a historic building in East Washington, Pennsylvania. It was located at 309 East Wheeling Street in Washington, Pennsylvania before it was demolished in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The 17-room building was constructed in 1884 by John Vester. Ownership of the building passed to Vesters nephew Leo Sackville in 1943. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 21, 1976. By the late 1970s, the building had been converted to 3 apartments. Sackvilles widow later sold the building to the Washington & Jefferson College.</p><br>
<p>As the colleges plans for the buildings demolition progressed, the Washington County History & Landmarks Foundation and the college discussed the possibility of preserving the building. However, zoning issues with East Washington, the projected $40,000 costs of moving, and the additional cost to restore the building after being converted to apartments halted that effort. By 1982, the Olin Fine Arts Center was completed.</p><br>
<p>The Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commissions Bureau for Historic Preservation was notified of the buildings demolition on June 1, 2010. It was formally de-listed from the National Register of Historic Places on August 24, 2010, roughly 20 years after its demolition.</p><br>
<p>It continues to be designated as a historic residential landmark/farmstead by the Washington County History & Landmarks Foundation.</p><br>
<p>The Covington House historic cabin in Vancouver, Washington, was built by Richard and Charlotte "Anna" Covington born, raised and married in London, England who travelled by ship around Cape Horn/South America, stopping at the Sandwich Islands/Hawaii and finally arriving at Fort Vancouver in the Oregon Territory, where they had been hired to teach children of the Hudsons Bay Company employees. The first three "plains" of the area were held by Hudson Bay Fur Trade Co. whereas the fourth "plain" was opened up for public sale as property north of the Columbia River became part of the United States, the government gave newly acquired land to early pioneers, willing to settle and farm the land. The Covingtons taught at the Fort immediately after their arrival, 1846 until 11 April 1848 when they entered "donation land claim" No. 43 640 acre in the Fourth Plain area, the community now referred to as Orchards, Wa, where they built their home, House No. 16 and Boarding School, per the 1850 census. Although they never had any of their own children, the couple established a boarding school in addition to operating a large fruit farm, called the Kalsus Farm. The children slept in the cabin loft, as it was an arduous seven – eight-mile trek, one way, north east of the Fort and wrought with danger for small children to attempt to travel alone. The Covingtons log cabin soon became known as the social center of hospitality with musical entertainment in the early days of Vancouver on the Columbia River. Besides his guitar, they also brought a violin and the first piano to the Pacific Northwest as well, they also taught music to many of these local children at that time. Richard Covington was extremely talented, in addition to building their log cabin home, and developing an expansive orchard, he served in several offices as a justice of the peace, county clerk, school superintendent, cartographer, artist, musician, vocalist, and briefly as a ranger during an "Indian uprising" First Nations/Native Americans.</p><br>
<p>The inscription on the marker in front of the cabin: "Erected 1848 by Richard and Anne Charlotte Covington on Fourth Plain. Boarding school was conducted herein in 1850. This building housed first piano in the Oregon Country and was center of social activity in entire region".</p><br>
<p>USA Army Captain (and future President) Ulysses S. Grant was quartermaster at what was then known as Columbia Barracks at Fort Vancouver, for 15 months beginning in September 1852 – 1853. During this time, he was known to ride 7–8 miles by horseback to visit the Covington home, to enjoy some semblance of familial life.</p><br>
<p>Richard Covington was elected Clark County school superintendent in 1862 and 1863. In 1867 he received an appointment to work in the United States Patent Office, under the administration of their friend and then President of the United States Ulysses S. Grant, so they sold their farm, in January, to William C. Hazard for $2,100 and moved to Washington, D.C. At the time of their departure, they gave their piano to a friend who eventually gave it to Nan Maynard Rice years later. In 1967, Miss Rice, in turn, gave the piano to a local historical society. The Covingtons stayed in Washington, DC through President Grant&#39;s term in office, then temporarily spent time in Victoria, British Columbia until retiring to the Sandwich Islands until Richards death. It is believed that Anna returned to England.</p><br>
<p>The Covington House cabin, which is the oldest (domestic dwelling/home) privately built structure, is also the oldest school building in addition to it being the oldest boarding school built in Clark County, Washington. Circa 1925, it was "rediscovered" by local businessmen, who came together to raise attention, and funds, needed to save and restore the cabin. Which at that time not only was being used to house farm animals, but was "in advanced stage of disrepair – barren and weathered, open windows and doors, and unkempt shingles, dispiritedly in part of a weed-grown lot". Circa 1926–28, the individually adze hewn logs of the cabin were numbered and catalogued, disassembled, and relocated at its present site, 4201 Main Street, where it stands today. At that time that was the northwest corner of Leverich Park, (in an area called Kiggins Bowl due to the shape of the terrain), facing the old Pacific Highway, before being separated from the Park by the development of the "new" freeway, I-5. Several modifications were added during this major restoration and relocation project, including electricity, heat, lights, water and plumbing, wooden floor, a new unique fireplace boasting large local river stones and single piece of local timber for the new fireplace and mantle, new windows, a kitchen, two restrooms and a fully restored roof with wooden rain gutters. The location was distinctive as being on the old Pacific Highway, and facing the old "Vancouver Column" adjacent to the oldest and now the newest (due to removal, restoration and re-dedication of the) Blue Star Memorial Highway Marker, in the state of Washington.</p><br>
<p>The Covington House itself is currently owned and maintained by the city of Vancouver on land owned by the local school district and managed by the Vancouver Womans Society affiliated with GFWC The General Federation of Womans Clubs. As the house had served as a home, a farm and a boarding school, and quickly became a social hub. As it was in the beginning, and so it is now, the cabin continues to provide a special place for special events as well as being utilized by many local groups as a regular meeting place. Because the cabin is a National Landmark, it is available to view by the public, by appointment.</p><br>
<h2>Historic Registry</h2><br>
<p>Listed on the National Register of Historic Places 5 May 1972.</p><br>
<p>Listed on the Clark County Heritage Register in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Orson Everitt House is a private house located at 39040 West Seven Mile Road in Livonia, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Orson Everitt House is an irregularly massed with a multi-colored paint scheme. The principal feature of the facade is the broad porch which spans the front; the porch features turned balusters and a circular turret at one end. Various dormers, including a turret with conical, roof break the roof line.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Marshall Everitt first settled on the property where this house was built in 1830. A few years later, the family built a simple structure just east of the current house location. As the family prospered, more structures were added, and in 1899, Marshalls grandson Orson Everitt built this house. It is likely the design of the house was selected from a house plan book; a similar house plan can be found in Herbert C. Chivers.</p><br>
<p>Orson Everitt still owned the property in 1915. The house was converted to office space in 1979 by the law firm of Klein and Bloom.</p><br>
<p>The John and Edna Truesdell Fischer Farmstead is a private farm, including house and outbuildings, located at 4896-5228 Sheldon Road in Canton Township, Michigan. The 1897 Queen Anne farmhouse located on the site is also known as the Michael and Catherine Hasselbach Fischer House. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The John and Edna Truesdell Fischer Farmstead consists of a ten-acre field with multiple buildings, including an 1897 Queen Anne house, a 1945 ranch house, 18 greenhouses, a boiler house, and a modern garage. The remains of a barn, silo, and milkhouse are also located on the property. The greenhouses are gable-end bays covered with paned glass, and were constructed in the 1940s for market farming.</p><br>
<p>The 1897 Queen Anne style house is typical of the style, but is relatively unusual in the local area where gabled-ell and upright-and-wing farmhouses were more popular through the turn of the century. The house has a cross plan, and the exterior contains typical Queen Anne details such as fishscale shingles and bay windows.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Michael Fischer immigrated to the US from Wurttemberg, Germany in 1847 when he was 14 years old; his wife, Catherine Hasselbach, immigrated from Hesse Darmstadt, Germany in 1852. The couple settled in Sheldon Corners where Michael opened a blacksmith shop. In 1862, they purchased the land this farmstead sits on and constructed a house. In 1897 their son John built the Queen Anne house on the property. The quality of the house is significant, in that it attests to the degree of affluence and assimilation attained by these second generation farmers.</p><br>
<p>The Stormberg is a range of mountains situated in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa, are an easterly extension of the Bamboesberge and form an outlier of the greater Drakensberg mountain range. They form part of the Amatola and Stormberg region which includes major towns like Grahamstown, East London and Port Alfred.</p><br>
<p>Towns in the Stormberg Mountains include Jamestown, Molteno, Dordrecht, Barkly East, Rhodes and Steynsburg. South Africa&#39;s only ski resort, Tiffindell, is also situated in these mountains.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Geologically, the mountains form part of the Stormberg Series of the Karoo System where some of the only workable coal seams in the Cape are to be found. These coal fields are being explored for possible coal bed methane extraction.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>These mountains - like all of South Africa - was originally home to the Khoisan hunter gatherers. The Nguni migrations saw the arrival of the Xhosa herders from the north and the displacement of the Khoisan. The subsequent arrival of the Cape colonists in the area resulted in a series of frontier wars which led to the region&#39;s incorporation into the Cape Colony</p><br>
<p>During the Second Boer War, this was the site of the Battle of Stormberg, fought on 9 December 1899.</p><br>
<p>Greenfield Hall is located in Haddonfield, Camden County, New Jersey, United States. The building was built in 1747 and added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 5, 1974. The Historical Society of Haddonfield operates a museum within the building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first structure to be built on the property was a small cabin built in 1728 by John Gill Sr. This cabin was later torn down. John Gill Sr.&#39;s son John Gill Jr. built a new house on the property in 1747. In 1841, this house was torn down with the exception of two small rooms and a new house was built in its place. The new house was built by John Gill IV and is a red brick, center-hall -story Georgian-style home. Alexander Oswald Brodie purchased the home in 1916 and lived there until his death two years later. The house then passed through a succession of owners until 1960 when it became the headquarters of the Historical Society of Haddonfield.</p><br>
<h2>The museum</h2><br>
<p>The museum has three rooms, a parlor, dining room and bedroom, which are kept as they would have appeared in 1841. The other rooms are used to show various items from the Historical Society&#39;s large collections relating to the history of Haddonfield.</p><br>
<p>The Andrew Clark House, also known as the Haskell House, is a historic house on Ross Hill Road in Lisbon, Connecticut. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a side gable roof and a large central chimney. A 1-1/2 story ell, once a freestanding house, was added in the 18th century and extends to the rear. A second addition extends even further from the ell; it was added in the 20th century as a sensitive contribution to the house, and used period parts from a Rhode Island house. The main features of the house&#39;s main facade are a second-story Palladian window, and a pavilion sheltering the main entrance. Although the basic structure of the main house is Georgian, its styling is more Federal, reflecting the transitional period of its 1798 construction date.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 28, 1979.</p><br>
<p>The William A. Buckingham House, also known as Buckingham Memorial Hall, is a historic house a fraternal hall at 307 Main Street in Norwich, Connecticut. It is a 2-1/2 story brick structure, with a main block three bays wide, topped by a hip roof with a steep gable above the main entrance. It was built in 1847 by William A. Buckingham, whose later political career included terms as mayor of Norwich and Governor of Connecticut . Buckingham is known to have had both Abraham Lincoln and Ulysses S. Grant as guests. The house was purchased in 1898 by the local chapter of the Grand Army of the Republic, a Civil War veterans organization. It is currently the meeting place of Sedgwick Camp #4 of the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War, a Union Civil War descendants organization.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 29, 1982.</p><br>
<p>The William Gorton Farm, also known as the Bond Farm, is a historic farm complex at 14 West Lane in East Lyme, Connecticut. The site was continuously used for various agricultural pursuits from the late 17th to the early 20th centuries. The existing buildings date from the 18th century to the late 19th century, including a farmhouse, two barns, a blacksmith shop, and the remains of an icehouse and dock. The farm was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 5, 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Christopher Christophers, believed to be an emigrant from Barbados, purchased a large tract of land on what was then called Black Point, in 1686. It was probably used for hay and pasturage for livestock. The land passed via marriage to the Manwaring family in 1723, and was used at least part of the time for cattle. The surviving farmhouse dates from the last quarter the 18th century, and had possibly been built by 1782 when a house farm and buildings were mentioned in a will. The land was sold to Robert Gorton in 1817. A dock was built in 1858, and used to load hay for vessels bound for the West Indies. The large red barn was built circa 1869, the other two surviving buildings, a horse and blacksmith shop, were also likely built soon after.</p><br>
<p>Colonel Norman J. Bond purchased the farm from William G. Gorton in 1874. Part of the farm was used for Black Point Cottages, a summer resort venture started by Bond. By the 1880s a colony consisting mainly of wealthy New Yorkers occupied the southern tip of Black Point. Although the West Indies trade had by then subsided, dairy farming continued on the remaining portion of the farm until the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>The Lathrop-Mathewson-Ross House is a historic house on Ross Hill Road in Lisbon, Connecticut. The house was built in 1761 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 15, 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Lathrop-Mathewson-Ross House was part of the 200+ acre "Ross Farm" which was purchased by Edward Peace Friedland and Joan W. Friedland in 1958. Over the course of the 40 years that they owned this home, the Friedlands painstakingly restored the structure and grounds to authentic 18th century specifications. The home served as the center for meetings of the Lisbon Historical Society for many years and was regularly the site of authentic 18th century dinners and gatherings. Edward Peace Friedland is known as one of the foremost experts on 18th Century Colonial Architecture and the author of "Antique Houses." Joan W. Friedland was the Registrar of the Connecticut Historical Society and co-author of "Connecticut Firsts." Edward and Joan Friedland were pioneers in the historic preservation of some of New Englands most important structures including Hartfords Old State House, the John Bishop Museum, the David Hale house, the John Palmer House and dozens of others. Mr. Friedlands domestic architecture photos are currently archives and stored at Yale University. The Lathrop-Mathewson-Ross House was also the staging area for Edward Friedlands historic preservation operation which included training artisans, craftsmen and tradespeople in the production of authentic tools, means and methods for the historically accurate reconstruction (and in some cases reproduction) of original components and features. This home was the childhood home of Jed Peace Friedland (who has submitted this information). The Lathrop-Mathewson-Ross house is said to be haunted by the spirit of Bucklin Mathewson who has walked its halls for over 250 years.</p><br>
<p>The Ezra Clark House is located on Mill Road in the Town of North East, New York, United States. It is a brick house built in the late 18th century.</p><br>
<p>It is one of the oldest farmhouses in the town, and one of the few built of brick. In 1985 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Eight years later, when the Coleman Station Historic District was created and listed on the Register, it was further recognized as a contributing property.</p><br>
<h2>Building and grounds</h2><br>
<p>The house is located on a 8.7 acre lot behind a picket fence on the west side of Mill Road a short distance north of Indian Lake Road at the center of Coleman Station. To its east the rear lot line is the former New York Central Railroad right-of-way, now the Harlem Valley Rail Trail. It is mostly open fields or wetlands, with a small pond south of the house. In addition to the house there is a barn and shed north of the house and a gazebo at the pond. None are considered contributing resources to the property&#39;s historic character. The foundation of an old barn to the northeast has not been assessed for its archaeological potential.</p><br>
<p>The main house is oriented perpendicular to the road, with its main facade facing south. A stone basement built into a slight rise in the land is exposed on the south and west. It supports a two-story, five-bay brick building with gabled roof shingled in polychrome slate pierced by two brick chimneys. The south (front) elevation has a full-width wooden porch supported by chamfered columns on both stories. The slope of the land means that the rear of the first story is underground.</p><br>
<p>All windows have paneled wooden shutters with their original hardware. Those on the second story of the front are regularly spaced, those on the ground floor are not. The two that flank the slightly off-center entrance have brick segmental arches.</p><br>
<p>The windows on the side elevations are asymmetrically placed. The upper rear elevation has a central door with a segmental arched brick lintel. To the east is a larger window with a flat brick arch, added later. The other two windows, on the west, are brick arched and original to the house.</p><br>
<p>From the main entrance, a modern door with simple wood trim, there is a central hall with two rooms on either side. The rooms on the west feature corner fireplaces; the one in front has an exposed beam ceiling. The front room on the east, the original kitchen, has a large fireplace in the side wall and a Dutch beehive oven; like the two opposite the fireplace&#39;s mantelpiece is original. The room to the rear has been divided so as to accommodate a modern bathroom on the east. A staircase on the interior side wall of the old kitchen leads upstairs to bedrooms and a modern kitchen. The garret above it has been subdivided into two bedrooms.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>For a long time it was assumed that Clark had built the house, and that it was the oldest house in the Millerton area. A brick in the chimney inscribed "J.M. 1780" has suggested it was built later than originally believed, and by someone else. The most likely candidate for "J.M." is Jacob Meyers, a lieutenant in the Continental Army whose family is known to moved to the Millerton area around that time from the hamlet of Pulvers Corners, today in the town of Pine Plains to the west. The house is a typical Hudson Valley brick house showing the influence of English and Dutch building traditions, such as the porch and central hall plan.</p><br>
<p>Clark and his family, longtime residents of the area, moved in sometime around 1795. The farm originally included much more land than it presently does. Later owners have added the windows, changed the roofing material several times, and added some of the windows. As a whole the house retains much of its original plan, materials and integrity.</p><br>
<p>Alamere Falls is a waterfall in Point Reyes National Seashore, Marin County, California. Alamere Falls is a rare "tidefall", a waterfall that flows directly into the ocean. It is one of only two in the area, the other being McWay Falls.</p><br>
<p>Alamere Falls tumble over fragile shale cliffs at Alamere Creek Beach. Upstream of the main Alamere Falls is the upper Alamere Falls, consisting of three separate cascades. Together, these cascades are approximately 20 – in height. All of these waterfalls are fed by the Alamere Creek.</p><br>
<p>Alamere Falls can be reached by following the Coast Trail from the Palomarin Trailhead at the end of Mesa Road out of Bolinas, California. After 2.5 miles, the trail passes two small lakes (Bass Lake and Pelican Lake). Bass Lake can be accessed by a side trail that leads to a rope swing, and hikers often stop for a swim during summer months. From the Palomarin Trailhead, the hike is 4.0 miles, one-way, to the falls.</p><br>
<p>The Bear River is a minor river in western Nova Scotia, Canada. Flowing from south to north, it is 40 km long from its headwaters to its discharge into the Annapolis Basin, some 6 km east of Digby. The river is tidal for the last 9.7 km of its length. The village of Bear River  is situated near the head of the tide where shipbuilding took place in the nineteenth century.</p><br>
<p>The river lies within an area long-occupied by native Mi&#39;kmaq people, embodied today by members of the Bear River First Nation who still reside on the river. The native name for the river is L’sitkuk, (pronounced "elsetkook").</p><br>
<p>The area was settled by European settlers at nearby Port Royal at the start of the seventeenth century. Samuel de Champlain called it Rivière St. Antoine (St. Anthonys River) on his first map, but the name did not survive. In 1609 it appeared as Rivière Hébert (probably for Louis Hébert) on Lescarbots map and the name held. It was altered following English occupation of the region probably in the late eighteenth century.</p><br>
<p>The river forms part of the boundary between Annapolis and Digby Counties. It is a picturesque river, particularly in the lower reaches, and the steep forested slopes have led to the nickname "The Switzerland of Nova Scotia" being applied to the river valley area. The deeply cut valley, hewn from the contact between slate bedrock on the west and granite on the east, is a drowned river valley of which Digby Gut on the Bay of Fundy forms the northern extreme.</p><br>
<p>The river is fed by several streams but even so, at low tide the mud flats, grasses and reeds are very visible. However, at high tide, the salt water from the basin flows in and fills the river to a height of up to 26 feet. There are two main tributaries which converge at the tide head, known as the East and West branches, and five smaller tributaries. The West Branch is now also called the Franklin River. The East Branch lies almost entirely within Annapolis County. The East Branch was once well known as a salmon river. One of the lakes in the watershed, now called Charlotte Lake, was at one time known as Salmon Lake. The East Branch flows out of a granite upland plateau about 7.2 km south east of Mulgrave Lake, (formerly Big Lake and East Bear River Lake). The East Branch flows about 21.7 km to its confluence with the West Branch. Beginning around 1950, hydroelectric power has been produced by impounding water in the upper watershed. Mulgrave Lake has been dammed and two additional dams now form headponds for the Gulch Power Station in Bear River. Franklin River (Bear River West Branch) has its source at Lake Franklin located about 16 km southeast of the village. The 4 km long Lake Jolly is situated along the river course.</p><br>
<h2>Bridges</h2><br>
<p>In addition to the railway bridge, built in 1912 and demolished in late 2011, there are two primary highway bridges which span the Bear River. The longest is the Bear River Bridge located on Highway 101 at the mouth of the river (which drains into the Annapolis Basin), approximately 6 km from the village. The second is located in downtown Bear River and connects the two halves of the village together. There are several shorter bridges further inland.</p><br>
<p>The Michael Salyer Stone House is located on Blue Hill Road  in Orangetown, New York, United States. It was built in the late 18th century.</p><br>
<p>Unusually for Rockland County, its gambrel roof has clapboard siding in the upper gable apexes, a feature normally found farther north, in Colonial stone houses in Ulster County. It is possible that this may be due to Huguenot influence. In 2002, it and its well were listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Today it serves as a local historical museum.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings and grounds</h2><br>
<p>The house is on the west side of Blue Hill, 800 ft south of its intersection with Sickletown and Convent roads, east of the village of Pearl River. It occupies an 8.3 acre lot overlooking Lake Tappan, a reservoir on the Hackensack River shared by New York and New Jersey, across the road. To the west and south is the Blue Hills Country Club golf course, buffered by woods. The land along Blue Hill to the north is also wooded, ending at some other residences along Sickletown.</p><br>
<p>From the west bound the land slopes down sharply, then gently, to the lake at the east. The house is on a small cleared section at the roadside with a lawn. A driveway to the south becomes a circular parking area. To the northwest is the old well and a frame shed.</p><br>
<p>The house itself is a one-and-a-half-story five-by-two-bay structure of rough-cut rectangular sandstone units on a rubblestone foundation. A small one-story frame kitchen wing projects from the north end of the west (rear) elevation. The centrally located main entrance on the east has a small stone porch with wooden benches backed by simple square balustrades on either side. Two bulkhead doors on the north and south corners of that elevation provide exterior access to the basement.</p><br>
<p>The slate-shingled gambrel roof is pierced by brick chimneys at the ends and three shed dormer windows on either elevation. Its wide overhanging eaves on the east and west elevations flare outwards; on the north and south it is flush. Clapboard is used in the gable apexes.</p><br>
<p>On the east (front) facade the blocks are laid in a Flemish bond pattern. The two windows flanking the main entrance have paneled wooden shutters; all and the doorway are topped with splayed brick lintels. On the sides the stonework reverts to a more random pattern. The north has two windows on either story; the south one on the first floor, with shutters, and two on top.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance is a recessed paneled wooden door with a radiating-muntin rectangular transom on top. It opens into a central hall that runs the depth of the house to the rear entrance, a heavy planked Dutch door with top light. Many original finishings remain, such as wall plaster, wide-plank flooring, moldings and architraves.</p><br>
<p>On the north is a parlor, the largest room in the house, covering the full depth of the building. It has a fireplace with Federal style mantel and built-in cupboard. The south parlor has a similar fireplace, and the room to the west is now the bathroom.</p><br>
<p>Stairs lead from the north parlor to the second floor, which also has a central hall. Its western end was converted into another bathroom. There are two bedrooms on either side of the hall.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1783 the 380 acre of the Kakiat Patent where the house now stands were owned by Jeremias Mabie. He had built a house on the property and raised four daughters. That year one of them, Elizabeth Mabie, married Michael Salyer. It is believed that the house was at least under construction at the time of the wedding, as a present.</p><br>
<p>Gambrel roofs, originally used by English settlers in New England, became popular with Dutch settlers in the Hudson Valley during the 1760s. They could span a house two rooms deep yet provide more space for an attic than a gabled roof. The Michael Salyer House, with its wide upper and lower angles, is a regional variant more commonly found in the southern Hudson Valley, closer to New York City. It is known as a "Flemish roof" despite the lack of an apparent antecedent in European building traditions.</p><br>
<p>The house also has frame and clapboard infill in the gambrel apexes. This is rare for a Rockland County Dutch stone house, and much more common in Ulster County farther north on the west side of the Hudson Valley. It may be due to Jeremias Mabie, who like the early settlers of the New Paltz area was not descended from Dutch settlers but rather of French Huguenot extraction.</p><br>
<p>Salyer died in 1810, willing the house to his wife. She in turn passed it to her daughter Mary and her husband David Bogert upon her death the following year. From them it passed through a variety of owners for most of the 19th and 20th centuries, including the Blauvelt family, until it became property of the United Water Company. In 1992 it was donated to the Town of Orangetown,</p><br>
<p>After the donation, volunteers worked to restore the house. It opened as a museum with permanent exhibits in 1996. In 2007 it closed for more renovations, including a new roof and French drain system. The following year it reopened with three exhibits, one dedicated to Revolutionary War-era British spy Maj. John André.</p><br>
<p>The Ford Valve Plant is a factory building located at 235 East Main Street in Northville, Michigan. The plant was built as part of Henry Ford&#39;s vision of decentralizing manufacturing and integrating it into rural communities. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<h2>"Village Industries"</h2><br>
<p>Northvilles Valve Plant was the first of Henry Fords "Village Industries" factories. The Village industries were designed to bring the economic advantages of industrial jobs to rural communities through the establishment of decentralized, non-disruptive manufacturing plants. In particular, Ford intended the Village Industries to stabilize the income of farmers who would otherwise have little winter income, and he gave his workers leaves of absence to work their farms.</p><br>
<p>Over the span of the 1920s and 1930s, Ford established over thirty more Village Industries factories, making everything from copper welding rods to lamp assemblies to wheels.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Henry Ford purchased the property this building sits on in 1919. Between 1919 and 1936, the plant manufactured over 180 million valves,</p><br>
<p>In 1936, Ford replaced the mill with an Albert Kahn-designed factory building. but still incorporated a water wheel.</p><br>
<p>The Village Industries program was discontinued in 1947, but the factory continued to produce valves.</p><br>
<p>Pitzer Woods is a Gettysburg Battlefield site used for Gettysburg Battlefield camps after the American Civil War such as the 1933&ndash;37 Camp Renaissance Civilian Conservation Corps camp.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Pitzer Woods was the site of July 1st & 2nd fighting during the 1863 Battle of Gettysburg. After the CCC camp closed, Fort Indiantown Gap used Pitzer Woods in 1941 and conducted aerial reconnaissance training using the battlefield. During 1943-4, Camp Sharpe used the Pitzer Woods camp ("in a muddy hollow at the bottom of a slanting road")</p><br>
<p>to train soldiers for psychological operations in the European Theater of Operations. In 1946, agricultural laborers from the Bahamas (July 16) and Jamaica were housed on Seminary Ridge. The Pitzer Woods amphitheater was constructed in the 1960s, and the July 3, 1998 James Longstreet memorial was erected at the Pitzer Woods site that had been dedicated in 1941.</p><br>
<p>Timperley Hall was a moated manor house in Timperley, Greater Manchester, England, first recorded in 1560, but almost certainly built to replace an earlier medieval structure. Very little remains of the 16th-century hall, which is not shown on the Tithe map of 1838. The date of the hall&#39;s demolition is unknown, but the size of the moat suggests that it was a "substantial" house. The present-day Timperley Hall was probably constructed during the late 18th century, close to the site of the older hall.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Sir John (Mascy) de Tymperlegh is recorded as lord of the manor of Timperley in 1270; the manor subsequently passed through several generations of the de Mascy family. The first record of a hall in the manor appears in the 1560 will of William Aderne, Mayor of Altrincham. Although that must have replaced an earlier medieval Hall, archeological excavations have discovered very little evidence of the older structures existence, other than a great deal of medieval pottery. The Reverend Croxton Johnson inherited the Timperley Hall estate from his father, George Johnson, in 1795. He offered the 46 hectare estate to the Earl of Stamford for £25,000 in 1809, equivalent to about £1.43 million as of 2008, but the sale did not go ahead. The property was advertised for sale the following year, and was bought by local businessman James Wood in 1811. Timperley Hall was then described as a "handsome mansion of brick", suggesting that it may have been built at some time during the latter half of the 18th century, perhaps by George Johnson. Evidence from the estates rate books suggests that the moated Hall had been demolished by 1811, and that its site was being used as a walled garden. In 1828, Joseph Sutton, formerly of J&J Sutton timber merchants, was in occupation according to Pigot&#39;s Altrincham commercial directory. He described himself as "of Timperley Hall" in his 1829 will, but did not bequeath the property itself, suggesting he was a leaseholder. Joseph Sutton died in September 1834 at Timperley Hall.</p><br>
<h2>Timperley "Old" Hall</h2><br>
<p>There are no known eyewitness accounts or drawings to indicate what the moated Hall looked like, but it may have been similar to the half-timbered Davenportgreen Hall in nearby Hale, which was probably built at about the same time. The Hall was built on a roughly rectangular platform of clay, 42 m long by 40 m wide, surrounded on all sides by a flat-bottomed moat varying from 10 – in width and about 1.5 m in depth. Water for the moat came from a tributary of the nearby Timperley Brook. A stone and brick twin-arched bridge, about 3 m wide, spanned the north moat, allowing access to the hall. The bridge was badly damaged by a falling tree during the winter of 1993/4, and it was subsequently demolished.</p><br>
<h3>Excavations</h3><br>
<p>Excavations carried out by the South Trafford Archaeological Group between 1986 and 2004 produced pottery finds indicating that the site of the Old Hall was continuously occupied from the 14th century until the end of the 18th century.</p><br>
<h2>Timperley "New" Hall</h2><br>
<p>Present-day Timperley Hall is an 18th-century three-storey brick building to which wings were added at a later date. Very little remains of the original structure, as the building has been refurbished many times during its lifetime. Cellars beneath the main building are barrel-vaulted. Some of the internal brickwork was revealed during refurbishment in 2004, exposing small, hand-made bricks that date from the late 17th century, probably taken from the moated Hall. Referred to locally as "The Old Hall", the building served as the club house for Timperley Golf Club from 1896 until 1934, when it and the estate – which included the golf course – were bought jointly by Altrincham Urban District Council and Timperley Parish Council for £38,000, equivalent to about £2.01 million as of 2008. The golf course was opened to the public in 1935. Since 1950, the hall has been owned by a series of breweries, most recently by Marston&#39;s, and it is now operated as a public house. The site of the moated hall, Trafford Hall Farm, and the golf club, are owned by Trafford Council as of 2010.</p><br>
<p>Grindall Island is an island in the Grindall Island State Marine Park 18 mi west of Ketchikan, Alaska, United States. The island is in a remote area, only accessible by boat or plane.</p><br>
<p>Captain George Vancouver named the nearby Grindall Point and Grindall Passage after his former sailing companion, the late Vice Admiral Sir Richard Grindall. The state of Alaska later named Grindall Island in line with the point and passage.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Grindall Island is located in Clarence Strait off Grindall Point on the east side of Prince of Wales Island west of Ketchikan. The island has two lakes in the center with marshland around them.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A homestead was established between 1922 and the 1950s on Grindall Island, and it was operated as a fox farming island.</p><br>
<h2>Marine State Park</h2><br>
<p>Grindall Island has been declared a Marine State Park. It includes a public use cabin and a mooring buoy in the north harbor and a variety of recreational opportunities on and around the island.</p><br>
<p>The Lhonak River is a tributary of the Teesta River in the Indian state of Sikkim.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The Lhonak originates as a small stream from a glacier in the snowy wastes of northern Sikkim. It generally flows south till it joins the Teesta. The main Himalayan wall with its high snow-clad peaks forms the northern boundary of the catchment. Small glaciers or tongues of perpetual ice descend from the depressions between the ridges into the valleys. They give birth to small streams which join the main channel of the Lhonak. The upper course is along an ancient glacial valley. While the middle and lower courses have been carved by both the action of ice and running water, the side valleys are formed by melt-ice opens into the main valley. No vegetation is found in higher reaches. Alpine pastures occur near the snow line. Subalpine and temperate forests are found at lower elevations. Human habitation in the Lhomak valley is very sparse. It is visited by graziers.</p><br>
<h2>Lake</h2><br>
<p>Lhonak lake was considered as one of the dangerous lake, which may outburst. Central Water Commission carried out the study adn Department of Science and Technology has carried out the bathymetric survey to assess its volume and possible danger of outburst.</p><br>
<h2>Lhonak valley</h2><br>
<p>The Lhonak Valley is a grassland in the exposed river valley of Goma Chu in northwest Sikkim, with boggy marshes, glacial lakes, barren scree slopes and glaciers. Goma Chu rises in North and South Lhonak glaciers and runs across the valley to join Zema Chu, a glacier at the southern end of the valley, as is the Green Lake.</p><br>
<p>The Forest Park Hotel is a six-story building located in the Central West End neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The six-story building was built in 1923 and is made of reinforced concrete with red brick curtain walls trimmed with terra cotta. Following the early success of the hotel, a seven-story addition was built in 1926 that closely follows the design of the original building. A one-story stone and glass addition was added to the building&#39;s northeast corner in the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>The original building was designed by Preston J. Bradshaw, a prominent St. Louis architect who also designed the nearby Chase Park Plaza Hotel, Mayfair Hotel, Lennox Hotel, and Coronado Hotel. The center wing addition was designed by George D. Barnett, Jr. and includes several small private dining rooms of considerable architectural interest.</p><br>
<p>The Forest Park Hotel was once famous for the Circus Snack Bar nightclub located in its ground floor retail space fronting Euclid Avenue. During the nightclub&#39;s heyday in the 1930s and 1940s, it was run by local hotelier and businessman Harold Koplar and hosted performers such as Liberace, Louis Armstrong, and Sarah Vaughan.</p><br>
<p>In 1983, restaurateur Harold Butler, founder of the restaurant chain Dennys, bought the Forest Park Hotel and performed $7 million in renovations. Financial trouble, however, led to the buildings sudden foreclosure and vacancy in December 1990.</p><br>
<p>In 2003, a private development group renovated and converted the long dormant Forest Park Hotel for $20 million into a 115-unit apartment building.</p><br>
<p>Two successful restaurant owners in the CWE recently signed a contract to open a new restaurant on the first floor of the hotel facing Euclid.</p><br>
<p>Big House is a historic home located at Palisades in Rockland County, New York. The Big House is the oldest dwelling in Palisades and the only building remaining from the hamlet&#39;s formative years. It was built about 1735 and is a large stone dwelling in a vernacular ethnic "Dutch" style. It consists of a rectangular central block flanked on either side by wings. In the nomination for the National Register of Historic Places it is further described as embodying the distinctive characteristics of the eighteenth-century regional Dutch vernacular building tradition, specifically its one-and-one-half story, gable-roofed form, linear plan, multiple entrances, and masonry construction.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Lilley Road—Lower Rouge River Bridge is an automotive bridge located on Lilley Road over the Lower River Rouge in Canton Township, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Lilley Road Bridge spanning the Lower Rouge River was originally built in 1923–1924 by the Massillon Bridge Company of Massillon, Ohio, for installation where Telegraph Road crossed a branch of the River Rouge just north of Warren Road. However, just ten years later, Wayne County widened Telegraph, necessitating the removal of the bridge. At the same time, the county took responsibility for the Lilley Road crossing of the Lower River Rouge, which had been previously maintained by Canton Township. The county reworked the river channel and installed the truss bridge previously removed from the Telegraph Road site. The structural and historical integrity of the bridge was well-maintained during the re-installation.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Lilley Road Bridge over the Lower River Rouge is an eight-panel Pratt camelback pony truss with an upper chord constructed from back-to-back channels tied by X-lacing, a lower chord constructed from channels with battens, and a floor of built-up I-beams riveted to superstructure. The entire length of the superstructure is 90 ft, with an 84 ft span. The structure width is 27 ft, with a cantilevered sidewalk on each side of the roadway.</p><br>
<p>The Silver Bell Mountains are an arid north-northwest x southeast trending small mountain range in north-central Pima County, Arizona. The range lies 14 mi west of Marana, Arizona, located on Interstate-10, northwest of Tucson.</p><br>
<p>The range is located in the east of the Ironwood Forest National Monument, and is located in a group of four mountain ranges. Ragged Top, located in the north of the range, is a well-known landmark, as good roads extend through this sightseeing and former mining region.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The range is named for the Silver Bell Mine located at the southern end of the mountains. The range abuts the Waterman Mountains to the southeast, where palynology-(pollen) studies have shown some of the recent floristic history of Arizona during the Pliocene. Both ranges lie in the northeast Sonoran Desert; the Madrean Sky Island ranges begin just southeast of here, with the large, and most western sky island range, the Baboquivari Mountains-Quinlans 20-35 mi south.</p><br>
<p>The Silver Bell range can be accessed by Avra Valley Rd and Silver Bell Rd from the south of Marana.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>Climate type is characterized by extremely variable temperature conditions. The Köppen Climate Classification sub-type for this climate is "Bsh" (Mid-Latitude Steppe and Desert Climate).</p><br>
<p>El-Kurru was one of the royal cemeteries used by the Nubian royal family. Reisner excavated the royal pyramids. Most of the pyramids date to the early part of the Kushite period, from Alara of Nubia  to King Nastasen .</p><br>
<p>The area is divided into three parts by two wadis. The central section seems to be the oldest and contains several tumulus type tombs that predate the Kingdom of Napata. Reisner thought that the earliest tomb, Tum.1, dated back to the time of Pharaoh Sheshonq I of Ancient Egypt (c. 850 BC) and predates the Kingdom of Napata by some 200 years. At the present scholars (Kendall, Hakem, Totok) think the early cemetery stretches back to the Ramesside period and date the earliest burials to the end of the Twentieth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt (c. 1070 BC), although Kendall has reverted his position and now adheres to a dating closer to the one proposed by Reisner.</p><br>
<p>The highest part of the cemetery contains four tumulus tombs (Tum. 1, 2, 4 and 5). To the north, across the northern wadi Tum. 6 is located. To the east of the tumuli is a row of at least eight pyramids. One of them partially intrudes on a tumulus tomb (Tum. 19). The southernmost of this row of pyramids belonging to Kashta (presumably to) his wife Pebatjma. Before this row is another row of pyramids which includes those of Piye, Shabaka and Tanutamani.</p><br>
<p>To the south of the pyramid of Pebatjma, one has to cross the southern wadi to reach the southern pyramids. These are the pyramids of the Queens: Naparaye (K.3), Khensa (K.4), Qalhata (K.5), and Arty (K.6).</p><br>
<h2>Pyramids and tombs at El-Kurru</h2><br>
<p>Tum. 1, the oldest tomb at El-Kurru.</p><br>
<p>Tum. 2, the tomb contained a female skull.</p><br>
<p>Tum. 4</p><br>
<p>Tum. 5</p><br>
<p>Tum. 6, tomb located to the north of Tum.1, across the northern wadi.</p><br>
<p>Tum. 19, located to the east of the cluster of tumulus tombs. Pyramid K.13 partly obliterated a section of this tomb.</p><br>
<p>Pyramids dating to the time of the Kingdom of Napata (ca 750 – 650 BC) and later</p><br>
<p>K.1 Unknown King. One of the largest pyramids. Located just south and adjacent to the pyramid of Piye (K.17) Dated to ca 362-342 BC (after Harsiotef, before Akhraten).</p><br>
<p>K.3 – Queen Naparaye, daughter of Piye, sister-wife of Taharqa</p><br>
<p>K.4 – Queen Khensa, daughter of Kashta, sister-wife of Piye</p><br>
<p>K.5 – Queen Qalhata, wife of Shebitku, mother of Tantamani</p><br>
<p>K.6 – Queen Arty, daughter of Piye and sister-wife of Shebitku</p><br>
<p>K.7 – Possibly Queen Pebatjma, wife of Kashta. Located next to the pyramid of Kashta (K. 8)</p><br>
<p>K.8 – King Kashta, father of Piye</p><br>
<p>K.9 – Possibly King Alara of Nubia</p><br>
<p>K.10</p><br>
<p>K.11, the pyramid contained a female skull.</p><br>
<p>K.13</p><br>
<p>K.14</p><br>
<p>K.15 – King Shabaka, son of Kashta, brother of Piye</p><br>
<p>K.16 – King Tantamani, son of Shebitku and Queen Qalhata</p><br>
<p>K.17 – King Piye, son of Kashta</p><br>
<p>K.18 – King Shebitku, son of Piye. Located west of the pyramid of Kashta and south of the tumulus tombs. The pyramid still contained a human skull which may have belonged to Shebitku himself.</p><br>
<p>K.21</p><br>
<p>K.23, pyramid next to King Kashta (K.8)</p><br>
<p>K.52 – Queen Nefrukekashta, wife of Piye</p><br>
<p>K.53 – Queen Tabiry, daughter of Alara of Nubia, wife of Piye</p><br>
<p>K.54 – Possibly Peksater, daughter of Kashta, wife of Piye</p><br>
<h2>Horse burials</h2><br>
<p>Some 120 meters to the north-west of pyramids K.51–K.55 four rows of graves were found which contained horse burials. The rows contained four, eight, eight and four graves respectively. The four graves in the first row likely date to the time of Piye, the tombs in the second row date to the time of Shabaka, the tombs in the third row date to the time of Shebitqo, and the tombs in the fourth and last row date to the time of Tantamani.</p><br>
<p>The tombs had all been robbed, but enough remained to determine that the horses were all buried in an upright position. The horses were buried with all their trappings.</p><br>
<h2>Recent archaeological work</h2><br>
<p>In recent years, archaeological work has begun once again at El Kurru. In collaboration with the National Council for Antiquities and Museums (NCAM), and partially funded by the Qatar Sudan Archaeological Project (QSAP), Dr. Geoff Emberling (Kelsey Museum of Archaeology, Michigan) and Dr. Rachael J. Dann (Associate Professor, Egyptian & Sudanese Archaeology, University of Copenhagen) co-direct excavation, survey, documentation and conservation work at the site. Much of this work is discussed here:</p><br>
<p>https://internationalelkurruproject.sites.ku.dk</p><br>
<h2>Royal cemeteries</h2><br>
<p>For other royal cemeteries see</p><br>
<p>Nuri</p><br>
<p>Gebel Barkal Royal Cemetery</p><br>
<p>Bagrawiyah Royal Cemeteries</p><br>
<p>Pyramids of Meroe (Begarawiyah)</p><br>
<p>Exterior of one of the ancient Nubian tombs at El-Kurru near Karima.jpgExterior of one of the ancient Nubian tombs</p><br>
<p>Grabkammer des Tanotamun.jpgBurial Chamber of the tomb of Tanutamani</p><br>
<p>Painting in the ancient Nubian tombs at El-Kurru near Karima, Sudan.jpgPainting</p><br>
<p>The Dakin-Coleman Farm is located on Coleman Station Road  in the Town of North East, New York, United States. Its large wooden farmhouse was built shortly before the Revolution.</p><br>
<p>At one point it was legally divided between two heirs of its original builder. In the late 19th century renovations mostly to the interior added some Victorian aspects to it. It has remained largely intact since then, and is the oldest house in the hamlet of Coleman Station. It has been a contributing property to the Coleman Station Historic District since it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 22, 1993 and was listed in its own right on November 22, 2000.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings and grounds</h2><br>
<p>The farmhouse sits on a 3 acre lot on the north side of the road halfway between the former site of Coleman&#39;s Station along the New York Central Railroad right-of-way (now the Harlem Valley Rail Trail) and the US 44/NY 22 highway. A small tributary of nearby Webutuck Creek flows through the property, and forms its eastern boundary. The land slopes gently toward the west with a sharp rise on the south side. Most neighboring properties are farmland, with typical associated buildings.</p><br>
<p>There are three buildings on the property: the main farmhouse, a barn and a garage. All were built in different eras. The house and barn are contributing resources to the National Register listing; the one-story frame hipped-roofed garage is more modern and is not.</p><br>
<p>The main house is a two-story, five-bay hand-hewn timber frame structure on a stone foundation. It is sided in clapboard and topped with an overhanging side-gabled roof shingled in asphalt pierced by a single brick chimney on the east end. Mature trees surround it. A one-story shed-roofed wing projects from the west, with larger wings behind it.</p><br>
<p>A small gabled porch with round columns shelters the centrally located main entrance. All the windows are flanked by wooden louvered shutters, save for Palladian windows above the main entrance and in the gable fields. Fenestration is symmetrical except for the north (rear) elevation, where it reflects changes made to the interior of the house over the years.</p><br>
<p>The wooden paneled front door, flanked by sidelights and topped with a transom, opens onto a broad center hallway. An original staircase and doors remain on the west side, while the entryways opposite are open. It is floored in medium width heavy oak shiplap, as are the two western rooms. Their fireplaces share a chimney but are slightly different, as the southwest one is completely original but the northwest one has had new brick put in. It has its original crane and beehive oven.</p><br>
<p>On the east is a large open drawing room, created by removing the wall that separated the two parlors. Some of the original 12-inch (30.5 cm) flooring planks, with forged-head nails, remain in the corner. A firebrick fireplace with neoclassical mantel is located on the end wall. French doors open to the exterior from the rear. A chair rail runs the length of the wall.</p><br>
<p>The staircase has original square newels and balusters supporting a simple molded pine handrail. It leads to a second floor with a similar layout. On the east side of the central hall are two large doors, apparently original, with one perhaps taken from the first floor. Two newer bathrooms have been added in the rear, both using the original wide pine floorboards. The southeast room has its original fireplace of cut marble. A doorway connects it to the second story of the kitchen wing, which also has remnants of the original hearth. A full basement extends under the entire house.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land the house stands on was first owned by Simon Dakin, a Baptist minister from Concord, Massachusetts. He bought 107 acre for his son Caleb to start a farm on in 1773. It is believed that Caleb built the house shortly thereafter, making it the oldest extant residence in the Coleman Station area.</p><br>
<p>Caleb died young. His will divided his holdings, which he had increased during his life to 275 acre, into 10 – strips and distributed them among his wife and daughters, under the control of his only son, Caleb Jr. One of these divisions went right down the houses center. It was split between Myra Dakin Goodrich and Achasa Dakin Coleman, with occupancy rights granted to Dakins widow Rhoda and his unmarried daughter Betsy.</p><br>
<p>The property was transferred again when Caleb Jr. died a year later. His nephew Amasa Dakin Coleman acquired the property from his mother upon reaching the age of majority in 1834. Sometime during that decade the interior was modified slightly, with the wooden neoclassical mantelpiece added and the flooring replaced in the east parlor.</p><br>
<p>By 1850 Amasa Coleman had increased the size of the farm to 150 acre. An abolitionist, he was one of the first members of the local Republican Party. He strongly supported local improvements such as the New York and Harlem Railroad, going so far as to testify in court on the railroad&#39;s behalf when his neighbors the Wheelers contested the compensation it offered them for their nearby farm. He would later lobby for the opening of a station on his property near the farms of the area, all of which were beginning to specialize in raw milk production, and it and the area would eventually take its name from him.</p><br>
<p>His daughter Elizabeth inherited the farm when he died in 1876. It was less successful under her ownership. Around that time the interior was further reworked with more Victorian touches added, as well as the exterior changes like the French doors.</p><br>
<p>In 1912, on Elizabeths death, the house was sold out of the family. The associated land was gradually sold as well, leaving the current three acres. In 1920 the garage was built. The houses interior was reworked again to accommodate changes to the plumbing, including the new bathrooms, in 1992. There have been no other major changes to the property.</p><br>
<p>The Jacob P. Perry House is a historic home on Sickeltown Road in Pearl River, New York, United States. It was constructed around the end of the 18th century, one of the last houses in Rockland County to have been built in the Dutch Colonial style more common before the Revolution.</p><br>
<p>It is a stone structure with a detailed period interior. A later owner renovated it during the 1930s, and an addition was built onto it in the late 1970s. There are several other buildings and structures on the property, the remnant of a former farm. In 2003 the house and an adjacent well and wellhouse were listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings and grounds</h2><br>
<p>The house and outbuildings occupy a 5 acre lot at the south corner of the three-way intersection of Sickletown Road and Gilbert Avenue (Rockland County Route 26), an area of Pearl River known as Nauraushaun. The terrain is level, with a steep drop to the reflecting the proximity of Lake Tappan and the Hackensack River basin. Large trees grow around the property, in keeping with the suburban character of the area. Surrounding properties are all residential.</p><br>
<p>The main house itself is near the north corner of the lot, with an unpaved driveway from Sickletown running up to its west (front, originally the rear) elevation. Its main block is a one-and-a-half-story five-by-two-bay structure of dressed red sandstone blocks laid in rough courses, a bit more randomly on the south. The south and north roof fields are sided in clapboard It is topped with a broad gambrel roof with flared outward eaves shingled in split cedar shakes. On either side is a continuous shed-roofed dormer window; brick chimneys rise from either end. A sympathetic hyphen connects it to a modern wood frame addition on the south.</p><br>
<p>On the east elevation, the house&#39;s original front facade, is a centrally located main entrance flanked by two windows on either side, echoed in the dormer fenestration above. Most of this is shielded by closely planted shrubbery and an awning over the entrance, a double Dutch door with original strap hinges. On the west, what is now the recessed front entrance has a small wooden porch with two wooden benches along the sides facing each other. It is flanked by a set of triple casement windows on either side. The north and south elevations are similar despite the hyphen on the latter, echoed by ivy on the other end. There are two windows on the attic level and a set of louvered quarter-rounds high in the gable field. The only difference is on the first story, where the south side has a wooden door into the hyphen, complemented by a French door to the exterior, whereas the north side has two windows to the west of the ivy with paneled wooden shutters.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>Inside, the house has a center-hall plan and many original finishings. From the former main entrance there are six-paneled doors, cased in molded architraves leading to the parlor on the north, the dining room to the south and the other half of the entrance hall on the west, which also provides access to a small bathroom and closet. A stair with newel and squared balusters is against the south wall. Walls and ceilings are plaster with a molded chair rail.</p><br>
<p>In the north parlor is a large fireplace with a detailed Federal style mantelpiece. It has a thin corniced molding, reeded frieze, fluted pilasters and three large hearthstones in front. Next to the chimney is a Colonial Revival dishware cabinet with glazed paired doors in a round, keystoned arch and similar paneled doors below. Thirty-foot (30 ft) tulip beams with beaded edges run the length of the ceiling.</p><br>
<p>The dining room fireplace is in a large projecting chimney breast with a simple wood mantel and similar hearthstones in front. A small separate room may be original; it is currently used as the kitchen. Its entrance door has a molded casing and a filled-in transom opening; it may be an exterior door reused from another location. French doors lead into the hyphen.</p><br>
<p>Upstairs, the second floor has five rooms and two bathrooms with Federal detailing, including doors similar to the main entrance hall. In the attic are original hewn roof timber framing and rough sheathing. The rafters rise from end plates to a purlin where the roof pitch changes. Rising from the center beam is a vertical member joined to the horizontal collar by mortise and tenon. The cellar has stone-arch supports for the fireplaces above and a cold storage area.</p><br>
<h3>Outbuildings</h3><br>
<p>Immediately south of the house is a modern wooden cottage. Also on the property is a stone and wood barn. These, along with the addition, make up the other three buildings on the property, none of which contribute to the Register listing.</p><br>
<p>To the east is a stone-lined cistern, topped with a circular wellhouse of red sandstone and frame. Both of them are of the same historic period as the house and are considered contributing structures. The other structure, an ornamental pond, was added more recently and does not contribute.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land on which the house sits was originally part of the late 17th century Kakiat Patent, covering portions of what is today Rockland County and adjacent Bergen County, New Jersey. After the Revolutionary War, Michael Salyer, who had built a house nearby, sold the western portion of his land to Peter Perry.</p><br>
<p>Whether the house was built in two sections or as one is not clear. A 1936 history of the house by Rosalie Bailey holds that it was, and if so Perry may have built the west half of the house by 1796, although it is not certain he ever lived in it as he died elsewhere. It is equally possible that, like the similar nearby Sickels-Vanderbilt House, it was built as one.</p><br>
<p>Perry&#39;s will left it to his son Jacob, who completed the current main house (if that was the case) in 1801. Its walls of locally quarried dressed red sandstone and broad gambrel roof with wide flared eaves reflect a Dutch Colonial building tradition much more common in houses built before the war. The Perry house is one of the last in that style from the period.</p><br>
<p>The interior, as it was built and refined over the next decades, reflects the then-popular Federal style. Jacob P. Perry died in 1839 and willed it to his son Jacob J. Perry, who died ten years later. From there it passed through other owners until it became the property of Clarence and Athens Chester around 1930.</p><br>
<p>The house had fallen into some disrepair by that time, and the Chesters undertook to renovate and restore it. In the process they made some changes. The most significant changes made to the exterior were the installation of casement windows, and the replacement of the single windows on the west elevation with the current bands of three. On the south elevation they added the front windows. Inside, they installed doors consistent with the other interior decoration and put the current oak flooring down over the original wide planking.</p><br>
<p>In 1955 the half-bath was added on the first floor. On the outside separate dormers were merged into the current continuous band. Two decades later, in 1978, the hyphen and south addition were added. There have been no other modifications to the house since. It continues to be a private residence.</p><br>
<p>The Edward Salyer House is located on South Middletown Road in Pearl River, New York, United States. It is a wood frame house built in the 1760s.</p><br>
<p>Originally it was the main house of a farm that covered much of that neighborhood. It is one of the rare remaining Dutch Colonial frame houses in the county, and possibly the oldest house in Pearl River. It retains much of its integrity, including original interior finishes and exterior hardware, despite renovations in the 19th and 20th centuries. In 1986 it and its well, also original to the property, were listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings and grounds</h2><br>
<p>The house is located on the west side of the street, two lots south of the Gilbert Avenue (Rockland County Route 20) intersection and one quarter-mile (400 m) north of the New Jersey state line. It sits near the front, closer to the street than the other houses in the area, of its half-acre (2,000 m²) lot, divided from similar residential properties to the north and south on South Middletown and the west on Kerry Court, a small cul-de-sac off Gilbert, by rows of tall, mature deciduous trees. The neighborhood is exclusively residential, mostly suburban houses built in the late 20th century, on smaller lots.</p><br>
<p>There are two other outbuildings on the property, a wellhouse and shed. The lot slopes down significantly toward the west through landscaped gardens and a footpath. A large black walnut and evergreens are planted among them.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The building itself is a two-and-a-half-story five-by-five-bay structure on a fieldstone foundation 18 in thick. The slope of the underlying land exposes eight feet (8 ft) of the foundation on the west side, giving it the appearance of an extra story. It is sided in clapboard with narrow corner boards and scale-shaped shingles in the apexes of the gambrel roof, shingled in wood and pierced by corbeled brick chimneys at either end and a shed dormer window on the south.</p><br>
<p>It is oriented perpendicular to the street, with its south facade serving as the front. A wooden staircase with a slatted balustrade climbs to the main entrance, in the center of the facade. It is flanked by two six-over-six double-hung sash windows on either side with paneled wooden shutters. The roofs overhanging eave runs the length of the facade. The symmetry of the front is in contrast with the asymmetrical fenestration on the side elevations, with the first floors two windows on the east facade occupying the middle and northern bays and the upper story windows in the bays not used below them. A variety of window patterns are in use, including a rare 12-over-12 single-hung sash. Some have original wrought iron hardware.</p><br>
<p>On the west profile is a rear entrance, a paneled Dutch door added later. A one-story frame wing with steep gabled roof and picture windows projects from that side, and it has a wooden patio on its own west. The basement of the north side is mostly covered by an embankment.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The recessed main entrance is surrounded by wide pilasters supporting a full entablature above a three-paned transom with molded wood trim. It opens into a center hall dividing the building. In the front are a parlor and dining room, both with Federal style fireplaces with fluted pilasters and molded wood trim over brick and stone hearths. In the dining room a molded cupboard with glass doors and shelves flanks the fireplace. The rear has a bedroom, study and bathroom.</p><br>
<p>On the floors are wood planks of random widths and lengths fastened to the joists by handwrought nails. The walls are plaster over the early clay and straw insulation. The door and window surrounds are molded wood, varying in their level of decoration. A few original wrought iron thumb latches remain in the doors. Some original fabrics can be found.</p><br>
<p>An enclosed stairway leads up to the second story. There, a wider central hall separates three bedrooms and a bathroom. The floors are also random plank; the ceilings are low, about 6 feet 11 inches (83 in). Another set of stairs leads to the attic, where adzed beams and numbered, pegged roof framing are visible along with the change in chimney materials.</p><br>
<p>The basement level is divided between an unfinished half on the east and the original kitchen and common room on the west. There is evidence of a jambless fireplace in the former kitchen, and the outline of the old beehive oven on its stone wall behind the fireplace. That has its original wooden Federal mantel, supported by tapered pilasters. All door and window openings in the thick stone walls taper up as well. Modern pine wainscoting and a herringbone patterned brick floor have been added. The original storage room hosts a modern kitchen facility.</p><br>
<h3>Outbuildings</h3><br>
<p>At the southwest corner of the house is a wellhouse, a modern frame structure. It shelters an original well four feet (1.3 m) wide and 20 feet (20 ft) deep, sided in fieldstone stacked without mortar. It is complemented by a frame toolshed at the northeast corner with a gabled roof and clapboard siding.</p><br>
<p>The toolshed and wellhouse are architecturally sympathetic to the house. As they are of modern construction they are not considered contributing resources to the Register listing. The well itself dates to the property&#39;s early years as a farmhouse and is therefore a contributing structure.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Records from surveys done to establish the colonial boundary near the end of the New York-New Jersey Line War in 1769 note the house, and suggest that it was relatively new. Contemporary records related to the Kakiat Patent, a colonial land grant that covered not only portions of what is today Rockland County but also Bergen County, New Jersey, to the south, also support that assumption, leading to the estimated construction date of 1765. Edward Salyer Sr., believed to have built it and lived there, bought the 30 acre in the area as part of the patent&#39;s Great Lot 21.</p><br>
<p>The house has many features of the vernacular architecture of Dutch settlers and their descendants in the region. Among these are the gambrel roof with full-width overhanging eave, restrained decor and center hall floor plan. Less common are the Dutch door with original hardware and single-hung sash window. The house is also one of the few surviving frame houses from that era; most of its contemporaries that remain are built of dressed sandstone.</p><br>
<p>Salyer later acquired an additional 72 acre from John Suffern, founder of the nearby village that bears his name. The years of his and his wifes deaths are not known, but at some point Edward Salyer Jr. inherited the land. At some point, the property lost 12 acre, since at the younger mans sale of the property in 1818 the total holding is recorded at 90 acre.</p><br>
<p>Tunis Cooper, the new owner, in turn sold it to Cornelius Demarest in 1837. By this point the Federal style interior detailing had probably been added. The Demarests added some Greek Revival elements of their own, such as the door and window surrounds, around 1840, in a similar attempt to bring the house in keeping with contemporary trends. They sold it themselves in 1851.</p><br>
<p>From then on, it passed through a series of owners for the rest of the 19th century. At one point full length columns were added to front to create a veranda. No changes were made to the interior layout.</p><br>
<p>In 1960 the Conques family acquired the home. They restored its original appearance by removing the columns. Inside they upgraded and modernized the kitchen. In 1980 they built the wellhouse and toolshed. There have been no other significant changes to the property since then.</p><br>
<p>The Andrew Johnson Building is a high-rise office building in downtown Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. Completed in 1930, The building was originally home to the Andrew Johnson Hotel, and is now used for office space by Knox County. In 1980, the Andrew Johnson Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Named for President Andrew Johnson, the Andrew Johnson Hotel was Knoxville&#39;s premier hotel from the time of its completion through the 1960s. In its early years, the hotel was popular with foreign dignitaries visiting Knoxville to inquire about the newly created Tennessee Valley Authority, as well as with tourists en route to the newly created Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The studios of WNOX, which played a role in the early development of country music, were located in the Andrew Johnson in the late 1930s, and musicians such as Roy Acuff became regional stars broadcasting from the building.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The Andrew Johnson Building stands at the southwest corner of Gay Streets 900-block, and shares a central courtyard with the adjacent Riverview Tower. The buildings eighteen stories consist of fifteen floors, a mezzanine, and a two-story penthouse. The building is rectangular in shape, with a recess running up the middle of the west facade. The ground floor extends out beyond the rest of the building to provide a base for the unique second story, which includes an open-air pavilion. While most of the buildings exterior consists of brick, the ground floors Gay Street facade is sheathed in concrete cast to appear as rusticated stone.</p><br>
<p>The second story of the Andrew Johnson was designed as the main story, and originally contained the hotels lobby and front desk, a ballroom, and a pavilion. The pavilion consists of a five-bay arcade, with arches flanked by Ionic pilasters. Each side of the pavilion was originally flanked by terraces and balustrades, which were replaced when the ballroom was expanded in the 1960s. The second story is higher than the buildings other stories to accommodate a mezzanine, which overlooks the lobby.</p><br>
<p>Most of the windows for floors four through fifteen are simple, rectangular windows, with the exception of the fourteenth-floor windows, which are topped by small arched pediments. Atop the building is the penthouse, which is seven bays wide, and is adorned with brick Ionic pilasters. The second story of the penthouse originally had oval windows, but these have been replaced with simple rectangular windows. From the mid-1930s until the late-1970s, a large neon sign reading "Hotel Andrew Johnson" stood atop the building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Adair Corporation of Atlanta began planning a large hotel (initially named the "Tennessee Terrace") at the corner of Gay and Hill as early as 1918, but lack of financing continuously stalled the project. The hotel was designed by Baumann & Baumann, an architectural firm responsible for a number of prominent buildings and houses in the Knoxville area, including the Knoxville Post Office on Main and the Church of the Immaculate Conception on Vine. By 1927, only seven stories of the hotel had been completed, and construction was briefly halted because of financial issues. J. Basil Ramsey, president of the Holston Union Bank, managed to raise the necessary funds, however, and the hotel was completed shortly afterward.</p><br>
<p>Business at the Andrew Johnson received a boost with the creation of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in 1932 and the formation of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in 1933. The hotel was located a few blocks from USA Route 441, which connects Knoxville to the national parks main entrance. TVAs headquarters, also located a few blocks from the hotel, drew a steady stream of curious foreign diplomats and activists to Knoxville during the 1930s and 1940s, among them French existentialist Jean-Paul Sartre, who stayed at the hotel in 1945. The rise of automobile travel in the late 1920s brought large numbers of travellers to Knoxville via the Dixie Highway, with many preferring the Andrew Johnson over the rough motels along the highway&#39;s Kingston Pike stretch.</p><br>
<p>For most of its early history, the Andrew Johnson was the choice hotel for celebrities travelling through Knoxville. During a stay at the Andrew Johnson in 1936 (the year before her disappearance), aviator Amelia Earhart remarked to a reporter that she didnt expect to live to old age. Swiss travel writer Annemarie Schwarzenbach probably stayed at the hotel while writing her story, "Auf der Schattenseite von Knoxville" ("The Shadow Side of Knoxville"). In February 1943, Russian pianist Sergei Rachmaninoff stayed at the Andrew Johnson after giving the last recital of his career at the nearby University of Tennessees Alumni Gymnasium.</p><br>
<p>Perhaps the most well-known stay at the Andrew Johnson Hotel was that of country music singer Hank Williams, who spent the last night of his life at the hotel, and whose death is the source of numerous stories and local legends in Knoxville. Williams and his driver, Charles Carr, checked into the hotel on the evening of December 31, 1952. At some point during the night, Williams grew ill and began convulsing, and a doctor called to the hotel gave Williams injections of Vitamin B12 and morphine. At 10:45 P.M., Williams and Carr checked out and headed north for Canton, Ohio, where Williams was scheduled to perform the next day. By the time car reached Oak Hill, West Virginia, around dawn of the following morning, however, Williams had died.</p><br>
<p>Throughout much of the 1930s, radio station WNOX broadcast from the Andrew Johnsons 17th floor. The stations popular show, Mid-Day Merry-Go-Round, had featured performers such as Roy Acuff and Homer and Jethro, and listeners in downtown Knoxville frequented the hotel to see the shows broadcasts. By the late 1930s, the station was drawing some 1,000 fans to the station each day, flooding the hotels elevators. After guests began to complain, the hotel&#39;s management asked the station to move.</p><br>
<p>In the 1940s, R. J. Reynolds, Jr. (1906&ndash;1964), the son of the tobacco magnate, purchased the Andrew Johnson. After his death, his widow maintained ownership until 1973. By this time, Knoxvilles Hyatt Regency (now the Knoxville Marriott) had usurped the Andrew Johnson as the citys premier hotel, and the Andrew Johnson began to decline. The hotel changed owners several times throughout the 1970s, and in the 1980s, the building was renovated as an office building by the Aetna Casualty & Surety Company.</p><br>
<h2>Offices</h2><br>
<p>The Andrew Johnson Building, which has 140,000 ft&sup2; of office space, currently houses offices for Knox County. The primary occupant is Knox County Schools, the offices of which utilize fourteen of the buildings eighteen floors. The building also houses the Finance, Property Development, and Telecommunications offices of the countys Public Building Authority, human resource offices for the Knox County Sheriffs Department, and the countys Probation and Pre-Trial services.</p><br>
<p>Onderdonk House, also known as Haring House and Arie Smith-Onderdonk House, was a historic home located at Piermont in Rockland County, New York. It was built over three periods of construction: about 1737, about 1810, and about 1867. It consisted of a -story gable-roofed main block and a -story wing, both of sandstone construction. Also on the property was a -story frame dwelling built about 1840.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>It was demolished on May 22, 2013.</p><br>
<p>According to local residents, the new owners preserved the stone and various other portions of the historical structure, and planned to rebuild the exterior in the old footprint and as close to the historical facade as possible. In fact, the new home is a similar design, but has a larger footprint than the original and the ceilings of both floors were raised so that the entire structure is much larger.</p><br>
<p>Ross-Hand Mansion is a historic home located at South Nyack in Rockland County, New York. The land was acquired by Azariah Ross in 1856, an architect whose works include many of the bridges in Central Park and various features at West Point. The grounds were designed by the great landscape architect Andrew Jackson Downing. The two story brick mansion with Gothic Revival style features was completed in 1859. It features ornamental bargeboards and a steeply pitched gable roof.</p><br>
<p>In 1883, after Ross death, the home was purchased by Mary H. Hand. Her husband, William Hand, specialized in decorative wordwork and completed extensive renovations on the property. Hands grandson, William Henry Hand, was an assistant to Thomas Edison and traveled with him worldwide; he and Thomas Edison worked in a laboratory in the barn on improvements in the battery, inventing a new design with a 15-year life that found heavy use in military, police, and fire departments.</p><br>
<p>The third owner of the property acquired it in 1999 from the Hand family; the fourth and current owners purchased the home in 2014.</p><br>
<p>Also on the property is a barn with gymnasium and a small brick smokehouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Budj Bim or Mount Eccles is an extinct volcano near Macarthur in southwestern Victoria, Australia. Budj Bim is also the Gunditjmara name, meaning High Head. The roughly conical shaped peak rises 178 m. The peak is a scoria hill that was thrown up beside a group of three overlapping volcanic craters that now contain Lake Surprise. A line of smaller craters and scoria cones runs to the southeast. Lava flows extend to form a shield volcano and are fed by several lava channels, or "lava canals" as they are known locally.</p><br>
<h2>Formation</h2><br>
<p>Initial estimates of the age of the eruption were all "minimum ages" from swamps that formed some time after the eruption and ranged from 6000 to 27,000 years, but the latest evidence suggests that the eruption was at least 30,000 years ago (using dated sediments in the floor of the Lake Surprise crater</p><br>
<p>The eruptions produced the Tyrendarra lava flow which flowed in a generally southerly direction into the ocean at Tyrendarra, 50 km. The flow disrupted the earlier drainage system; to the east the Fitzroy River now flows cleanly between the rocks of the lava flow and the Mount Clay escarpment; to the west its tributary Darlot Creek flows through a more complex landscape of swamps, wetlands and adjacent low-lying land prone to flooding.</p><br>
<p>The eruptions altered the drainage in the area producing wetlands of the Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape. The name Budj Bim has been given to two areas on the Australian National Heritage List, proclaimed in 2004, the Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape - Tyrendarra Area and the Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape - Mount Eccles Lake Condah Area.</p><br>
<h2>Importance</h2><br>
<p>The Budj Bim areas have been included on the Heritage List because of their importance in the history of the Gunditjmara.</p><br>
<p>From some thousands of years before European occupation, the Gunditjmara developed a system of aquaculture which channelled the water of the Darlot Creek into adjacent lowlying areas trapping eels and fish in a series of weirs. This provided a year-round supply of eels which were harvested with woven traps and often smoked in hollows of the Manna Gum (Eucalyptus viminalis), and permitted a forager society to develop into a settled society constructing permanent stone dwellings.</p><br>
<p>After the European occupation from the late 1830s, the rocks and uneven land of the lava flow permitted attacks on settlers and the means to escape from reprisal as the terrain was unsuited to horses. Attempts to pacify the Gunditjmara led to the Eumeralla Wars which did not conclude until the 1860s.</p><br>
<p>The Lake Condah Mission, established in 1868, is important to the history of the Gunditjmara, under the various policies of State authorities.</p><br>
<h2>Naming Mount Eccles</h2><br>
<p>The mountain was named Mount Eeles in 1836 by Major Thomas Mitchell after William Eeles of the 95th Regiment of Foot who fought with Mitchell in the Peninsular War. A draftsman&#39;s error meant that the name was rendered Eccles from 1845.</p><br>
<h2>The Mount Eccles Lake Condah Area</h2><br>
<p>This area includes the Mount Eccles National Park and the Condah Mission Station at Lake Condah on Darlot Creek to the west 38&deg;03&prime;44&Prime;S latitude, 141&deg;50&prime;00&Prime;E longitude, with the addition of recently purchased properties linking the two and in the east towards Lake Gorrie.</p><br>
<p>Mount Eccles National Park at Lake Surprise encompasses 61.2 km&sup2; and includes many interesting geologic features such as lava flows, lava caves, scoria cones and crater lakes. The park has a campground and the base of the vents supports Lake Surprise, which is generally closed for swimming due to blue-green algae issues. The dreaming of local Koori nations incorporates tales of volcanic eruptions from the past. Mount Napier is located 25 km northeast of Budj Bim.</p><br>
<h3>Condah Mission Station</h3><br>
<p>The Condah Mission Station was established in 1868 after agitation from displaced Gunditjmara to be permitted to live near the places from which they had been removed. In 1885 the permanent mission church was built from local stone.</p><br>
<p>In 1886 the Half-Caste Act, or an Act to amend an Act entitled "An Act to Provide for the Protection and Management of the Aboriginal Natives of Victoria" was passed which provided for the removal of all people other than fullblood Aboriginals from reserves. The Aborigines Act of 1910 rescinded that decision, and many aboriginals returned.</p><br>
<p>In 1950 it was decided that the Mission would close and the church and other facilities were destroyed to facilitate this:</p><br>
<p>Condah Mission Station Church, 1885. Destroyed 1950. Stones used to enlarge Church of England Hamilton and to pave cowyards.</p><br>
<p>In 1959 the reserve was revoked and all remaining people were evicted.</p><br>
<p>Following the Aboriginal Land (Lake Condah and Framlingham Forest) Act 1987, the 53 hectare former reserve was vested to the Kerrup Jmara Elders Corporation.</p><br>
<p>The Kerrup Jmara Elders Corporation entered liquidation during the 1990s.</p><br>
<p>The reserve was eventually vested to the Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation (Registered Native Title Corporate) in 2008 by the Commonwealth Minister for Indigenous Affairs, Hon. Jenny Macklin.</p><br>
<h2>The Tyrendarra Area</h2><br>
<p>This area (38&deg;12&prime;S latitude, 141&deg;46&prime;E longitude) comprises the Peters site between the Fitzroy River and Darlot Creek purchased by the Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation in May 2010 (after some years&#39; leasehold) and the Kurtonitj wetlands to the north acquired by the Corporation in September 2009.</p><br>
<p>Much of the area was part of the Mount Clay squatting run (established in 1841) and the later property Keeleeng; the landscape and vegetation was seldom disturbed leaving the tumuli, stone huts and the infrastructure of the aquaculture. To the south of the Australian National Heritage List area (on both sides of the Princes Highway the landscape has been compromised by the removal of stone for fencing and, more recently, the crushing of stone to provide material for road building. As a result, most rock features have disappeared.</p><br>
<p>Precious Blood Catholic Church is a Roman Catholic parish in Chickasaw, Ohio, United States. Erected in 1903 and still an active parish, the church historically owned two buildings constructed in its early years that have been designated as historic sites.</p><br>
<h2>Early parish history</h2><br>
<p>Chickasaws first Catholics attended Mass at St. Sebastians Church, nearly 2 mi to the northwest. In 1897, the Chickasaw members erected a small church in their village for use as a chapel of ease during the week.), and parishioners were faced with the decision of rebuilding the church. Ultimately, the parish was split into two parts: the remnant members of St. Sebastians rebuilt their church, while the chapel in Chickasaw became the parish church for the newly formed Church of the Precious Blood. Fifty-eight families composed the parishs charter membership.</p><br>
<p>The parishioners quickly began to expand their facilities. Before the end of 1903, the chapel had been expanded, and the following year saw the construction of a brick rectory at a cost of about $4,000. Membership grew rapidly; by 1907, the congregation had grown from thirty-eight families to seventy. located across the street from its rectory.</p><br>
<p>Precious Blood Church is one of the youngest Catholic parishes in Mercer County; only Our Lady of Guadalupe Church in Montezuma and St. Theresa of the Infant Jesus Church in Rockford are newer; Our Lady parish was only a mission when Precious Blood was established, and St. Theresa parish was created in 1936.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<h3>Church</h3><br>
<p>The first parish church building, originally a parish hall and then the chapel of ease, was built on a stone foundation in 1894 and 1895. Soon after the parish was established in 1903, a wooden addition was built onto the church; the reworked building was painted and new windows installed by early July of that year. As the parish&#39;s membership grew after World War II, the old building was strained to hold the increased number of worshippers, and plans were laid for a replacement structure. Ground was broken for the new building in late 1965, and the structure was dedicated on February 23, 1967. This church is a brick structure built in the shape of a cross and equipped with a basement; its sanctuary has room for over four hundred worshippers.</p><br>
<h3>School</h3><br>
<p>The Precious Blood School is a two-story brick structure that is supported by a foundation of ashlar. Built in the Italianate style by the DeCurtins brothers, it features a central square bell tower that rises above the rest of the building. Individuals enter the building through double doors that are topped by an elliptical fanlight.</p><br>
<p>Late in the 1950s, the Ohio General Assembly enacted a law that provided for free high school education for all Ohio students. Because of this law, Chickasaw&#39;s public school system merged with that of the surrounding Marion Township, and the parish school closed. The parish has since sold the building; it is owned by a local organization of the Veterans of Foreign Wars.</p><br>
<h3>Rectory</h3><br>
<p>Like the school, the Precious Blood Rectory is a square two-story brick structure built on an ashlar foundation. Featuring more of a vernacular style of architecture, the house is topped with a hip roof that is pierced by dormer windows on all four sides. Its front door is surrounded by a veranda built with wooden columns and surrounded with a railing. Many parishes in the region built rectories in the early twentieth century in response to a directive issued by the Archdiocese of Cincinnati, which provided that each parish should house its own pastor. The Chickasaw rectory is typical of these structures, which predominantly are two-story rectangles with hip roofs and verandas. It is believed that this common design was influenced by the style made popular by the Sears Roebuck catalogue.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<h3>Historic recognition</h3><br>
<p>In 1979, the rectory and the former school were listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Deemed historic because of their well-preserved architecture and their contributions to Ohio&#39;s history, they were among over thirty different places in far western Ohio related to the Society of the Precious Blood that were listed on the National Register together. Although most of these buildings were churches, several rectories and schools were included as well. The tall Gothic Revival towers featured by many of these churches have become the namesake for this region of western Ohio, which is nicknamed the "Land of the Cross-Tipped Churches."</p><br>
<h3>Present status</h3><br>
<p>Today, Precious Blood is an active parish of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. It is clustered with four other Marion Township parishes — St. John the Baptist in Maria Stein, Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Cassella, St. Rose in St. Rose, and St. Sebastian in Sebastian — to form the Marion Catholic Community. Two priests serve the cluster as pastors: Eugene Schnipke and Tom Brenberger. The entire cluster is part of the St. Marys Deanery.</p><br>
